Charge Equalization Controller Algorithm for Series-Connected Lithium-Ion Battery Storage Systems: Modeling and Applications
This study aims to develop an accurate model of a charge equalization controller (CEC) that manages individual cell monitoring and equalizing by charging and discharging series-connected lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cells. In this concept, an intelligent control algorithm is developed to activate bi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2017-09-01
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| Series: | Energies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/10/9/1390 |
| _version_ | 1798034921003941888 |
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| author | Mahammad A. Hannan Mohammad M. Hoque Pin J. Ker Rawshan A. Begum Azah Mohamed |
| author_facet | Mahammad A. Hannan Mohammad M. Hoque Pin J. Ker Rawshan A. Begum Azah Mohamed |
| author_sort | Mahammad A. Hannan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aims to develop an accurate model of a charge equalization controller (CEC) that manages individual cell monitoring and equalizing by charging and discharging series-connected lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cells. In this concept, an intelligent control algorithm is developed to activate bidirectional cell switches and control direct current (DC)–DC converter switches along with pulse width modulation (PWM) generation. Individual models of an electric vehicle (EV)-sustainable Li-ion battery, optimal power rating, a bidirectional flyback DC–DC converter, and charging and discharging controllers are integrated to develop a small-scale CEC model that can be implemented for 10 series-connected Li-ion battery cells. Results show that the charge equalization controller operates at 91% efficiency and performs well in equalizing both overdischarged and overcharged cells on time. Moreover, the outputs of the CEC model show that the desired balancing level occurs at 2% of state of charge difference and that all cells are operated within a normal range. The configuration, execution, control, power loss, cost, size, and efficiency of the developed CEC model are compared with those of existing controllers. The proposed model is proven suitable for high-tech storage systems toward the advancement of sustainable EV technologies and renewable source of applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:51:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-87afae8404eb4773bd71a22397e68042 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:51:05Z |
| publishDate | 2017-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-87afae8404eb4773bd71a22397e680422022-12-22T04:03:50ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732017-09-01109139010.3390/en10091390en10091390Charge Equalization Controller Algorithm for Series-Connected Lithium-Ion Battery Storage Systems: Modeling and ApplicationsMahammad A. Hannan0Mohammad M. Hoque1Pin J. Ker2Rawshan A. Begum3Azah Mohamed4Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, MalaysiaDepartment of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, BangladeshDepartment of Electrical Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, MalaysiaInstitute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, MalaysiaThis study aims to develop an accurate model of a charge equalization controller (CEC) that manages individual cell monitoring and equalizing by charging and discharging series-connected lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cells. In this concept, an intelligent control algorithm is developed to activate bidirectional cell switches and control direct current (DC)–DC converter switches along with pulse width modulation (PWM) generation. Individual models of an electric vehicle (EV)-sustainable Li-ion battery, optimal power rating, a bidirectional flyback DC–DC converter, and charging and discharging controllers are integrated to develop a small-scale CEC model that can be implemented for 10 series-connected Li-ion battery cells. Results show that the charge equalization controller operates at 91% efficiency and performs well in equalizing both overdischarged and overcharged cells on time. Moreover, the outputs of the CEC model show that the desired balancing level occurs at 2% of state of charge difference and that all cells are operated within a normal range. The configuration, execution, control, power loss, cost, size, and efficiency of the developed CEC model are compared with those of existing controllers. The proposed model is proven suitable for high-tech storage systems toward the advancement of sustainable EV technologies and renewable source of applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/10/9/1390charge equalization controllercontrol algorithmmodelingstate of chargelithium-ion batterysustainable energies |
| spellingShingle | Mahammad A. Hannan Mohammad M. Hoque Pin J. Ker Rawshan A. Begum Azah Mohamed Charge Equalization Controller Algorithm for Series-Connected Lithium-Ion Battery Storage Systems: Modeling and Applications Energies charge equalization controller control algorithm modeling state of charge lithium-ion battery sustainable energies |
| title | Charge Equalization Controller Algorithm for Series-Connected Lithium-Ion Battery Storage Systems: Modeling and Applications |
| title_full | Charge Equalization Controller Algorithm for Series-Connected Lithium-Ion Battery Storage Systems: Modeling and Applications |
| title_fullStr | Charge Equalization Controller Algorithm for Series-Connected Lithium-Ion Battery Storage Systems: Modeling and Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Charge Equalization Controller Algorithm for Series-Connected Lithium-Ion Battery Storage Systems: Modeling and Applications |
| title_short | Charge Equalization Controller Algorithm for Series-Connected Lithium-Ion Battery Storage Systems: Modeling and Applications |
| title_sort | charge equalization controller algorithm for series connected lithium ion battery storage systems modeling and applications |
| topic | charge equalization controller control algorithm modeling state of charge lithium-ion battery sustainable energies |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/10/9/1390 |
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