Effects of calcination temperature and time on the Ca3Co4O9 purity when synthesized using starch-assisted sol-gel combustion method
Abstract Ca3Co4O9 is a p-type semiconducting material that is well-known for its thermoelectric (TE), magnetic, electronic, and electro-optic properties. In this study, sol-gel autoignition was used to prepare Ca3Co4O9 at different calcination temperatures (773, 873, 973, and 1073 K) and time (4, 6,...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Tsinghua University Press
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Advanced Ceramics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40145-019-0356-y |
| _version_ | 1797764322971090944 |
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| author | M. A. Mohammed M. B. Uday S. Izman |
| author_facet | M. A. Mohammed M. B. Uday S. Izman |
| author_sort | M. A. Mohammed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Ca3Co4O9 is a p-type semiconducting material that is well-known for its thermoelectric (TE), magnetic, electronic, and electro-optic properties. In this study, sol-gel autoignition was used to prepare Ca3Co4O9 at different calcination temperatures (773, 873, 973, and 1073 K) and time (4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 h) using starch as a fuel. The phase and microstructure of the prepared Ca3Co4O9 powder were investigated. Thermogravimetry.differential thermal analysis (TGA) confirms that the final weight loss occurred at 1073 K to form Ca3Co4O9 stable powder. The variable-pressure scanning electron microscopy (VP-SEM) images show that the size of powder particles increases from 1.15 to 1.47 μm as calcination time increases from 4 to 12 h, and the size remains almost constant thereafter. A similar pattern is also observed on the increment of the crystallite size and percentage of crystallinity with X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The highest crystallinity is found about 92.9% when the powder was calcinated at 1073 K for 12 and 14 h with 458 and 460 Å crystallite size, respectively. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis demonstrates that the calcinated powder has a high intensity of Ca, Co, and O with uniform distribution. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images prove that there is no distinct lattice distortion defect on the crystal structure. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T19:55:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-87b545ee2d494055bbc184f5ca0a0958 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2226-4108 2227-8508 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T19:55:13Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | Tsinghua University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Advanced Ceramics |
| spelling | doaj.art-87b545ee2d494055bbc184f5ca0a09582023-08-02T02:52:31ZengTsinghua University PressJournal of Advanced Ceramics2226-41082227-85082020-04-019216217210.1007/s40145-019-0356-yEffects of calcination temperature and time on the Ca3Co4O9 purity when synthesized using starch-assisted sol-gel combustion methodM. A. Mohammed0M. B. Uday1S. Izman2School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), UTM SkudaiSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), UTM SkudaiSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), UTM SkudaiAbstract Ca3Co4O9 is a p-type semiconducting material that is well-known for its thermoelectric (TE), magnetic, electronic, and electro-optic properties. In this study, sol-gel autoignition was used to prepare Ca3Co4O9 at different calcination temperatures (773, 873, 973, and 1073 K) and time (4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 h) using starch as a fuel. The phase and microstructure of the prepared Ca3Co4O9 powder were investigated. Thermogravimetry.differential thermal analysis (TGA) confirms that the final weight loss occurred at 1073 K to form Ca3Co4O9 stable powder. The variable-pressure scanning electron microscopy (VP-SEM) images show that the size of powder particles increases from 1.15 to 1.47 μm as calcination time increases from 4 to 12 h, and the size remains almost constant thereafter. A similar pattern is also observed on the increment of the crystallite size and percentage of crystallinity with X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The highest crystallinity is found about 92.9% when the powder was calcinated at 1073 K for 12 and 14 h with 458 and 460 Å crystallite size, respectively. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis demonstrates that the calcinated powder has a high intensity of Ca, Co, and O with uniform distribution. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images prove that there is no distinct lattice distortion defect on the crystal structure.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40145-019-0356-ycalcium cobalt oxidesol-gelstarchcombustion methodcrystallite sizecrystallinity |
| spellingShingle | M. A. Mohammed M. B. Uday S. Izman Effects of calcination temperature and time on the Ca3Co4O9 purity when synthesized using starch-assisted sol-gel combustion method Journal of Advanced Ceramics calcium cobalt oxide sol-gel starch combustion method crystallite size crystallinity |
| title | Effects of calcination temperature and time on the Ca3Co4O9 purity when synthesized using starch-assisted sol-gel combustion method |
| title_full | Effects of calcination temperature and time on the Ca3Co4O9 purity when synthesized using starch-assisted sol-gel combustion method |
| title_fullStr | Effects of calcination temperature and time on the Ca3Co4O9 purity when synthesized using starch-assisted sol-gel combustion method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of calcination temperature and time on the Ca3Co4O9 purity when synthesized using starch-assisted sol-gel combustion method |
| title_short | Effects of calcination temperature and time on the Ca3Co4O9 purity when synthesized using starch-assisted sol-gel combustion method |
| title_sort | effects of calcination temperature and time on the ca3co4o9 purity when synthesized using starch assisted sol gel combustion method |
| topic | calcium cobalt oxide sol-gel starch combustion method crystallite size crystallinity |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40145-019-0356-y |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mamohammed effectsofcalcinationtemperatureandtimeontheca3co4o9puritywhensynthesizedusingstarchassistedsolgelcombustionmethod AT mbuday effectsofcalcinationtemperatureandtimeontheca3co4o9puritywhensynthesizedusingstarchassistedsolgelcombustionmethod AT sizman effectsofcalcinationtemperatureandtimeontheca3co4o9puritywhensynthesizedusingstarchassistedsolgelcombustionmethod |