Nitrogen Metabolism in Non-Nodulated and Nodulated Soybean Plants Related to Ureide Synthesis
Soybean plants can fix atmospheric N<sub>2</sub> in the root nodule, a symbiotic organ with rhizobia. The primary forms of N transported from N<sub>2</sub> fixation are ureides, allantoate, and allantoin, supplemented with asparagine. The nitrate absorbed in the roots is tran...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Nitrogen |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3129/4/2/14 |
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| author | Takuji Ohyama Kahori Matsumoto Haruka Goto Akihiro Saito Kyoko Higuchi |
| author_facet | Takuji Ohyama Kahori Matsumoto Haruka Goto Akihiro Saito Kyoko Higuchi |
| author_sort | Takuji Ohyama |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Soybean plants can fix atmospheric N<sub>2</sub> in the root nodule, a symbiotic organ with rhizobia. The primary forms of N transported from N<sub>2</sub> fixation are ureides, allantoate, and allantoin, supplemented with asparagine. The nitrate absorbed in the roots is transported to the shoots in the forms of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> and asparagine with a little portion of ureides. The concentrations of N-metabolites were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis after supplying various concentrations of urea, precursors of ureides, and allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine dehydrogenase, to investigate the ureide synthesis pathway in the roots. When the non-nodulated soybean plants were treated with 0–5 mM of urea, the concentrations of asparagine and glutamine in the xylem sap and the roots increased remarkably. In addition, allantoate concentration increased with the urea concentrations becoming higher. Allopurinol inhibited the accumulation of allantoate but did not affect the asparagine and glutamine accumulation in roots, stems, leaves, and xylem sap, supporting that allantoate is synthesized by purine degradation in roots the same as in the nodules. When ureide precursors were supplied to the nodulated soybean plants, the concentrations of asparagine and glutamine in the xylem sap and roots increased, suggesting that the ureide precursors were absorbed and assimilated to amides in the roots. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:05:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-87bd4614626d40f6bdf9323dedec26e1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2504-3129 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:05:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nitrogen |
| spelling | doaj.art-87bd4614626d40f6bdf9323dedec26e12023-11-18T11:54:54ZengMDPI AGNitrogen2504-31292023-05-014220922210.3390/nitrogen4020014Nitrogen Metabolism in Non-Nodulated and Nodulated Soybean Plants Related to Ureide SynthesisTakuji Ohyama0Kahori Matsumoto1Haruka Goto2Akihiro Saito3Kyoko Higuchi4Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, JapanDepartment of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, JapanDepartment of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, JapanDepartment of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, JapanDepartment of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, JapanSoybean plants can fix atmospheric N<sub>2</sub> in the root nodule, a symbiotic organ with rhizobia. The primary forms of N transported from N<sub>2</sub> fixation are ureides, allantoate, and allantoin, supplemented with asparagine. The nitrate absorbed in the roots is transported to the shoots in the forms of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> and asparagine with a little portion of ureides. The concentrations of N-metabolites were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis after supplying various concentrations of urea, precursors of ureides, and allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine dehydrogenase, to investigate the ureide synthesis pathway in the roots. When the non-nodulated soybean plants were treated with 0–5 mM of urea, the concentrations of asparagine and glutamine in the xylem sap and the roots increased remarkably. In addition, allantoate concentration increased with the urea concentrations becoming higher. Allopurinol inhibited the accumulation of allantoate but did not affect the asparagine and glutamine accumulation in roots, stems, leaves, and xylem sap, supporting that allantoate is synthesized by purine degradation in roots the same as in the nodules. When ureide precursors were supplied to the nodulated soybean plants, the concentrations of asparagine and glutamine in the xylem sap and roots increased, suggesting that the ureide precursors were absorbed and assimilated to amides in the roots.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3129/4/2/14allantoateallantoinallopurinolasparagineglutaminehypoxanthine |
| spellingShingle | Takuji Ohyama Kahori Matsumoto Haruka Goto Akihiro Saito Kyoko Higuchi Nitrogen Metabolism in Non-Nodulated and Nodulated Soybean Plants Related to Ureide Synthesis Nitrogen allantoate allantoin allopurinol asparagine glutamine hypoxanthine |
| title | Nitrogen Metabolism in Non-Nodulated and Nodulated Soybean Plants Related to Ureide Synthesis |
| title_full | Nitrogen Metabolism in Non-Nodulated and Nodulated Soybean Plants Related to Ureide Synthesis |
| title_fullStr | Nitrogen Metabolism in Non-Nodulated and Nodulated Soybean Plants Related to Ureide Synthesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nitrogen Metabolism in Non-Nodulated and Nodulated Soybean Plants Related to Ureide Synthesis |
| title_short | Nitrogen Metabolism in Non-Nodulated and Nodulated Soybean Plants Related to Ureide Synthesis |
| title_sort | nitrogen metabolism in non nodulated and nodulated soybean plants related to ureide synthesis |
| topic | allantoate allantoin allopurinol asparagine glutamine hypoxanthine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3129/4/2/14 |
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