Differential Uptake and Translocation of Cadmium and Lead by Quinoa: A Multivariate Comparison of Physiological and Oxidative Stress Responses
Contamination of soils with cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) has emerged as a serious environmental issue that reduces crop productivity. However, the metals tolerance and accumulation potential of quinoa (<i>Chenopodium Quinoa</i> Willd) under the combined stress of Cd and Pb has not yet been...
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/2/68 |
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| author | Atif A. Bamagoos Hesham F. Alharby Ghulam Abbas |
| author_facet | Atif A. Bamagoos Hesham F. Alharby Ghulam Abbas |
| author_sort | Atif A. Bamagoos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Contamination of soils with cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) has emerged as a serious environmental issue that reduces crop productivity. However, the metals tolerance and accumulation potential of quinoa (<i>Chenopodium Quinoa</i> Willd) under the combined stress of Cd and Pb has not yet been explored. In the present hydroponic study, the physiological and biochemical characteristics of quinoa exposed to Cd and Pb were explored. Four-week-old plants of quinoa genotype ‘Puno’ were grown under different concentrations of Cd (0, 50 and 100 µM), Pb (0, 250 and 500 µM) alone as well as in combinations. The results showed that with increasing Cd and Pb levels in the nutrient solution, the plant biomass, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll contents were decreased. However, the concurrent application of higher concentrations of Cd (100 µM) and Pb (500 µM) caused even more reduction in the plant biomass (more than 50% than the control) and physiological attributes. The combined application of Pb and Cd caused oxidative stress through an overproduction of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (10-fold) and TBARS (12.5-fold), leading to decrease in membrane stability (52%). The oxidative stress was alleviated by a 7-fold, 10-fold and 9-fold overactivation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), respectively. An excessive uptake of Cd resulted in a limited uptake of Pb and K in the roots and shoots of quinoa plants. The Cd and Pb tolerance and uptake potential of Puno showed its ability to stabilize Cd and Pb in co-contaminated soils. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:56:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-87c05740903a44408722e882a2793595 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:56:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-87c05740903a44408722e882a27935952023-11-23T22:20:18ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042022-02-011026810.3390/toxics10020068Differential Uptake and Translocation of Cadmium and Lead by Quinoa: A Multivariate Comparison of Physiological and Oxidative Stress ResponsesAtif A. Bamagoos0Hesham F. Alharby1Ghulam Abbas2Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, PakistanContamination of soils with cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) has emerged as a serious environmental issue that reduces crop productivity. However, the metals tolerance and accumulation potential of quinoa (<i>Chenopodium Quinoa</i> Willd) under the combined stress of Cd and Pb has not yet been explored. In the present hydroponic study, the physiological and biochemical characteristics of quinoa exposed to Cd and Pb were explored. Four-week-old plants of quinoa genotype ‘Puno’ were grown under different concentrations of Cd (0, 50 and 100 µM), Pb (0, 250 and 500 µM) alone as well as in combinations. The results showed that with increasing Cd and Pb levels in the nutrient solution, the plant biomass, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll contents were decreased. However, the concurrent application of higher concentrations of Cd (100 µM) and Pb (500 µM) caused even more reduction in the plant biomass (more than 50% than the control) and physiological attributes. The combined application of Pb and Cd caused oxidative stress through an overproduction of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (10-fold) and TBARS (12.5-fold), leading to decrease in membrane stability (52%). The oxidative stress was alleviated by a 7-fold, 10-fold and 9-fold overactivation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), respectively. An excessive uptake of Cd resulted in a limited uptake of Pb and K in the roots and shoots of quinoa plants. The Cd and Pb tolerance and uptake potential of Puno showed its ability to stabilize Cd and Pb in co-contaminated soils.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/2/68heavy metalsstomatal conductanceantioxidantsco-contaminationphytoremediation |
| spellingShingle | Atif A. Bamagoos Hesham F. Alharby Ghulam Abbas Differential Uptake and Translocation of Cadmium and Lead by Quinoa: A Multivariate Comparison of Physiological and Oxidative Stress Responses Toxics heavy metals stomatal conductance antioxidants co-contamination phytoremediation |
| title | Differential Uptake and Translocation of Cadmium and Lead by Quinoa: A Multivariate Comparison of Physiological and Oxidative Stress Responses |
| title_full | Differential Uptake and Translocation of Cadmium and Lead by Quinoa: A Multivariate Comparison of Physiological and Oxidative Stress Responses |
| title_fullStr | Differential Uptake and Translocation of Cadmium and Lead by Quinoa: A Multivariate Comparison of Physiological and Oxidative Stress Responses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Differential Uptake and Translocation of Cadmium and Lead by Quinoa: A Multivariate Comparison of Physiological and Oxidative Stress Responses |
| title_short | Differential Uptake and Translocation of Cadmium and Lead by Quinoa: A Multivariate Comparison of Physiological and Oxidative Stress Responses |
| title_sort | differential uptake and translocation of cadmium and lead by quinoa a multivariate comparison of physiological and oxidative stress responses |
| topic | heavy metals stomatal conductance antioxidants co-contamination phytoremediation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/2/68 |
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