An Immunosuppressant Peptide from the Hard Tick Amblyomma variegatum
Ixodid ticks are well known for spreading transmitted tick-borne pathogens while being attached to their hosts for almost 1–2 weeks to obtain blood meals. Thus, they must secrete many immunosuppressant factors to combat the hosts’ immune system. In the present work, we investigated an immunosuppress...
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MDPI AG
2016-05-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/8/5/133 |
| _version_ | 1828276300001837056 |
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| author | Yufeng Tian Wenlin Chen Guoxiang Mo Ran Chen Mingqian Fang Gabriel Yedid Xiuwen Yan |
| author_facet | Yufeng Tian Wenlin Chen Guoxiang Mo Ran Chen Mingqian Fang Gabriel Yedid Xiuwen Yan |
| author_sort | Yufeng Tian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ixodid ticks are well known for spreading transmitted tick-borne pathogens while being attached to their hosts for almost 1–2 weeks to obtain blood meals. Thus, they must secrete many immunosuppressant factors to combat the hosts’ immune system. In the present work, we investigated an immunosuppressant peptide of the hard tick Amblyomma variegatum. This peptide, named amregulin, is composed of 40 residues with an amino acid sequence of HLHMHGNGATQVFKPRLVLKCPNAAQLIQPGKLQRQLLLQ. A cDNA of the precursor peptide was obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI, Bethesda, MD, USA). In rat splenocytes, amregulin exerts significant anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors in vitro, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). In rat splenocytes, treated with amregulin, compared to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone, the inhibition of the above inflammatory factors was significant at all tested concentrations (2, 4 and 8 µg/mL). Amregulin shows strong free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities (5, 10 and 20 µg/mL) in vitro. Amregulin also significantly inhibits adjuvant-induced paw inflammation in mouse models in vivo. This peptide may facilitate the ticks’ successful blood feeding and may lead to host immunotolerance of the tick. These findings have important implications for the understanding of tick-host interactions and the co-evolution between ticks and the viruses that they bear. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:56:06Z |
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| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:56:06Z |
| publishDate | 2016-05-01 |
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| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-87c3ea4c49df4fdbb45ff5fbe292cf4b2022-12-22T02:57:15ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512016-05-018513310.3390/toxins8050133toxins8050133An Immunosuppressant Peptide from the Hard Tick Amblyomma variegatumYufeng Tian0Wenlin Chen1Guoxiang Mo2Ran Chen3Mingqian Fang4Gabriel Yedid5Xiuwen Yan6Clinical Laboratory, People’s Hospital of Rizhao, 126th Taian Road, Rizhao 276826, Shandong, ChinaYunnan Clinical Research Center of Breast Cancer, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming 650032, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang #1, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang #1, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang #1, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang #1, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang #1, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, ChinaIxodid ticks are well known for spreading transmitted tick-borne pathogens while being attached to their hosts for almost 1–2 weeks to obtain blood meals. Thus, they must secrete many immunosuppressant factors to combat the hosts’ immune system. In the present work, we investigated an immunosuppressant peptide of the hard tick Amblyomma variegatum. This peptide, named amregulin, is composed of 40 residues with an amino acid sequence of HLHMHGNGATQVFKPRLVLKCPNAAQLIQPGKLQRQLLLQ. A cDNA of the precursor peptide was obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI, Bethesda, MD, USA). In rat splenocytes, amregulin exerts significant anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors in vitro, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). In rat splenocytes, treated with amregulin, compared to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone, the inhibition of the above inflammatory factors was significant at all tested concentrations (2, 4 and 8 µg/mL). Amregulin shows strong free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities (5, 10 and 20 µg/mL) in vitro. Amregulin also significantly inhibits adjuvant-induced paw inflammation in mouse models in vivo. This peptide may facilitate the ticks’ successful blood feeding and may lead to host immunotolerance of the tick. These findings have important implications for the understanding of tick-host interactions and the co-evolution between ticks and the viruses that they bear.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/8/5/133hard tickblood suckingsalivary glandsimmunosuppressant peptideAmblyomma variegatum |
| spellingShingle | Yufeng Tian Wenlin Chen Guoxiang Mo Ran Chen Mingqian Fang Gabriel Yedid Xiuwen Yan An Immunosuppressant Peptide from the Hard Tick Amblyomma variegatum Toxins hard tick blood sucking salivary glands immunosuppressant peptide Amblyomma variegatum |
| title | An Immunosuppressant Peptide from the Hard Tick Amblyomma variegatum |
| title_full | An Immunosuppressant Peptide from the Hard Tick Amblyomma variegatum |
| title_fullStr | An Immunosuppressant Peptide from the Hard Tick Amblyomma variegatum |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Immunosuppressant Peptide from the Hard Tick Amblyomma variegatum |
| title_short | An Immunosuppressant Peptide from the Hard Tick Amblyomma variegatum |
| title_sort | immunosuppressant peptide from the hard tick amblyomma variegatum |
| topic | hard tick blood sucking salivary glands immunosuppressant peptide Amblyomma variegatum |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/8/5/133 |
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