Avian Influenza Virus Tropism in Humans
An influenza pandemic happens when a novel influenza A virus is able to infect and transmit efficiently to a new, distinct host species. Although the exact timing of pandemics is uncertain, it is known that both viral and host factors play a role in their emergence. Species-specific interactions bet...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/4/833 |
| _version_ | 1797603218820169728 |
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| author | Umarqayum AbuBakar Lina Amrani Farah Ayuni Kamarulzaman Saiful Anuar Karsani Pouya Hassandarvish Jasmine Elanie Khairat |
| author_facet | Umarqayum AbuBakar Lina Amrani Farah Ayuni Kamarulzaman Saiful Anuar Karsani Pouya Hassandarvish Jasmine Elanie Khairat |
| author_sort | Umarqayum AbuBakar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An influenza pandemic happens when a novel influenza A virus is able to infect and transmit efficiently to a new, distinct host species. Although the exact timing of pandemics is uncertain, it is known that both viral and host factors play a role in their emergence. Species-specific interactions between the virus and the host cell determine the virus tropism, including binding and entering cells, replicating the viral RNA genome within the host cell nucleus, assembling, maturing and releasing the virus to neighboring cells, tissues or organs before transmitting it between individuals. The influenza A virus has a vast and antigenically varied reservoir. In wild aquatic birds, the infection is typically asymptomatic. Avian influenza virus (AIV) can cross into new species, and occasionally it can acquire the ability to transmit from human to human. A pandemic might occur if a new influenza virus acquires enough adaptive mutations to maintain transmission between people. This review highlights the key determinants AIV must achieve to initiate a human pandemic and describes how AIV mutates to establish tropism and stable human adaptation. Understanding the tropism of AIV may be crucial in preventing virus transmission in humans and may help the design of vaccines, antivirals and therapeutic agents against the virus. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:27:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-87c552fc228a42b398cd264528b73521 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:27:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-87c552fc228a42b398cd264528b735212023-11-17T21:44:22ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-03-0115483310.3390/v15040833Avian Influenza Virus Tropism in HumansUmarqayum AbuBakar0Lina Amrani1Farah Ayuni Kamarulzaman2Saiful Anuar Karsani3Pouya Hassandarvish4Jasmine Elanie Khairat5Institute of Biological Sciences (ISB), Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaInstitute of Biological Sciences (ISB), Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaInstitute of Biological Sciences (ISB), Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaInstitute of Biological Sciences (ISB), Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaTropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaInstitute of Biological Sciences (ISB), Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaAn influenza pandemic happens when a novel influenza A virus is able to infect and transmit efficiently to a new, distinct host species. Although the exact timing of pandemics is uncertain, it is known that both viral and host factors play a role in their emergence. Species-specific interactions between the virus and the host cell determine the virus tropism, including binding and entering cells, replicating the viral RNA genome within the host cell nucleus, assembling, maturing and releasing the virus to neighboring cells, tissues or organs before transmitting it between individuals. The influenza A virus has a vast and antigenically varied reservoir. In wild aquatic birds, the infection is typically asymptomatic. Avian influenza virus (AIV) can cross into new species, and occasionally it can acquire the ability to transmit from human to human. A pandemic might occur if a new influenza virus acquires enough adaptive mutations to maintain transmission between people. This review highlights the key determinants AIV must achieve to initiate a human pandemic and describes how AIV mutates to establish tropism and stable human adaptation. Understanding the tropism of AIV may be crucial in preventing virus transmission in humans and may help the design of vaccines, antivirals and therapeutic agents against the virus.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/4/833influenza A virusavian influenza virusvirus tropism in humansantiviralvaccine |
| spellingShingle | Umarqayum AbuBakar Lina Amrani Farah Ayuni Kamarulzaman Saiful Anuar Karsani Pouya Hassandarvish Jasmine Elanie Khairat Avian Influenza Virus Tropism in Humans Viruses influenza A virus avian influenza virus virus tropism in humans antiviral vaccine |
| title | Avian Influenza Virus Tropism in Humans |
| title_full | Avian Influenza Virus Tropism in Humans |
| title_fullStr | Avian Influenza Virus Tropism in Humans |
| title_full_unstemmed | Avian Influenza Virus Tropism in Humans |
| title_short | Avian Influenza Virus Tropism in Humans |
| title_sort | avian influenza virus tropism in humans |
| topic | influenza A virus avian influenza virus virus tropism in humans antiviral vaccine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/4/833 |
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