Effects of Dietary <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> YFI-G720 on the Growth, Immunity, Serum Biochemical, Intestinal Morphology, Intestinal Microbiota, and Disease Resistance of Crucian Carp (<i>Carassius auratus</i>)
Diseases of crucian carp (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) are closely related to intestinal parameters. <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> has strong colonization ability in the intestinal tract, and produces natural antibiotics, bacteriocin, and other bacteriostatic substances, which ca...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Fishes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/7/1/18 |
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| author | Yan Xu Yiqun Li Mingyang Xue Zidong Xiao Yuding Fan Lingbing Zeng Yong Zhou |
| author_facet | Yan Xu Yiqun Li Mingyang Xue Zidong Xiao Yuding Fan Lingbing Zeng Yong Zhou |
| author_sort | Yan Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Diseases of crucian carp (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) are closely related to intestinal parameters. <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> has strong colonization ability in the intestinal tract, and produces natural antibiotics, bacteriocin, and other bacteriostatic substances, which can effectively inhibit some pathogenic bacteria and improve the intestinal microenvironment. This study aimed to assess the effects of <i>E. faecalis</i> YFI-G720 which was isolated from the intestinal of crucian carp on the growth, immunity, intestinal health, and disease resistance of crucian carp. Fish (48.16 ± 0.55 g) were fed four diets, commercial diet or diet containing <i>E. faecalis</i> at 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/g (EF1), 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/g (EF2), or 10<sup>7</sup> CFU/g (EF3) for 28 days. The results showed that supplementation of <i>E. faecalis</i> significantly improved the weight gain ratio (WGR) and the specific growth rate (SGR) compared with control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Intestinal mucosal epithelial cells in EF2 were intact and normal, but there was obvious vacuolation in CG. Compared with CG, serum C3 and IgM in EF2 were significantly increased at the end of the experiment (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and serum alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in all experimental groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Among studied immune-related genes, expression was detected by qPCR, C3, IgM, and IL-1βwere upregulated in all experimental groups to varying degrees from 14 days, with highest expression in EF2 at 28 days. Intestinal microbiota structure analyzed through high-throughput sequencing, and the results showed that the relative abundance of <i>Aeromonas</i> and <i>Acinetobacter</i> decreased while <i>Cetobacterium</i> increased in all experimental groups, with the greatest changes in EF2. Challenge tests showed that fish fed <i>E. faecalis</i> were more resistant to <i>Aeromonas veronii</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary <i>E. faecalis</i> YFI-G720 at 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/g can improve the health status, immune parameters, intestinal microbiota composition, and disease resistance of crucian carp. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:59:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-87d126b9601c4744996cfbcae428e9dc |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:59:40Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-87d126b9601c4744996cfbcae428e9dc2023-11-23T19:51:28ZengMDPI AGFishes2410-38882022-01-01711810.3390/fishes7010018Effects of Dietary <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> YFI-G720 on the Growth, Immunity, Serum Biochemical, Intestinal Morphology, Intestinal Microbiota, and Disease Resistance of Crucian Carp (<i>Carassius auratus</i>)Yan Xu0Yiqun Li1Mingyang Xue2Zidong Xiao3Yuding Fan4Lingbing Zeng5Yong Zhou6Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, ChinaYangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, ChinaYangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, ChinaYangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, ChinaYangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, ChinaYangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, ChinaYangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, ChinaDiseases of crucian carp (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) are closely related to intestinal parameters. <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> has strong colonization ability in the intestinal tract, and produces natural antibiotics, bacteriocin, and other bacteriostatic substances, which can effectively inhibit some pathogenic bacteria and improve the intestinal microenvironment. This study aimed to assess the effects of <i>E. faecalis</i> YFI-G720 which was isolated from the intestinal of crucian carp on the growth, immunity, intestinal health, and disease resistance of crucian carp. Fish (48.16 ± 0.55 g) were fed four diets, commercial diet or diet containing <i>E. faecalis</i> at 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/g (EF1), 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/g (EF2), or 10<sup>7</sup> CFU/g (EF3) for 28 days. The results showed that supplementation of <i>E. faecalis</i> significantly improved the weight gain ratio (WGR) and the specific growth rate (SGR) compared with control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Intestinal mucosal epithelial cells in EF2 were intact and normal, but there was obvious vacuolation in CG. Compared with CG, serum C3 and IgM in EF2 were significantly increased at the end of the experiment (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and serum alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in all experimental groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Among studied immune-related genes, expression was detected by qPCR, C3, IgM, and IL-1βwere upregulated in all experimental groups to varying degrees from 14 days, with highest expression in EF2 at 28 days. Intestinal microbiota structure analyzed through high-throughput sequencing, and the results showed that the relative abundance of <i>Aeromonas</i> and <i>Acinetobacter</i> decreased while <i>Cetobacterium</i> increased in all experimental groups, with the greatest changes in EF2. Challenge tests showed that fish fed <i>E. faecalis</i> were more resistant to <i>Aeromonas veronii</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary <i>E. faecalis</i> YFI-G720 at 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/g can improve the health status, immune parameters, intestinal microbiota composition, and disease resistance of crucian carp.https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/7/1/18crucian carp<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>growthimmunityserum parametersintestinal microbiota |
| spellingShingle | Yan Xu Yiqun Li Mingyang Xue Zidong Xiao Yuding Fan Lingbing Zeng Yong Zhou Effects of Dietary <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> YFI-G720 on the Growth, Immunity, Serum Biochemical, Intestinal Morphology, Intestinal Microbiota, and Disease Resistance of Crucian Carp (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) Fishes crucian carp <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> growth immunity serum parameters intestinal microbiota |
| title | Effects of Dietary <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> YFI-G720 on the Growth, Immunity, Serum Biochemical, Intestinal Morphology, Intestinal Microbiota, and Disease Resistance of Crucian Carp (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) |
| title_full | Effects of Dietary <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> YFI-G720 on the Growth, Immunity, Serum Biochemical, Intestinal Morphology, Intestinal Microbiota, and Disease Resistance of Crucian Carp (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Dietary <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> YFI-G720 on the Growth, Immunity, Serum Biochemical, Intestinal Morphology, Intestinal Microbiota, and Disease Resistance of Crucian Carp (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Dietary <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> YFI-G720 on the Growth, Immunity, Serum Biochemical, Intestinal Morphology, Intestinal Microbiota, and Disease Resistance of Crucian Carp (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) |
| title_short | Effects of Dietary <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> YFI-G720 on the Growth, Immunity, Serum Biochemical, Intestinal Morphology, Intestinal Microbiota, and Disease Resistance of Crucian Carp (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) |
| title_sort | effects of dietary i enterococcus faecalis i yfi g720 on the growth immunity serum biochemical intestinal morphology intestinal microbiota and disease resistance of crucian carp i carassius auratus i |
| topic | crucian carp <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> growth immunity serum parameters intestinal microbiota |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/7/1/18 |
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