Crab-Eating Monkey Acidic Chitinase (CHIA) Efficiently Degrades Chitin and Chitosan under Acidic and High-Temperature Conditions
Chitooligosaccharides, the degradation products of chitin and chitosan, possess anti-bacterial, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory activities. The enzymatic production of chitooligosaccharides may increase the interest in their potential biomedical or agricultural usability in terms of the safety and...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/2/409 |
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| author | Maiko Uehara Chinatsu Takasaki Satoshi Wakita Yasusato Sugahara Eri Tabata Vaclav Matoska Peter O. Bauer Fumitaka Oyama |
| author_facet | Maiko Uehara Chinatsu Takasaki Satoshi Wakita Yasusato Sugahara Eri Tabata Vaclav Matoska Peter O. Bauer Fumitaka Oyama |
| author_sort | Maiko Uehara |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chitooligosaccharides, the degradation products of chitin and chitosan, possess anti-bacterial, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory activities. The enzymatic production of chitooligosaccharides may increase the interest in their potential biomedical or agricultural usability in terms of the safety and simplicity of the manufacturing process. Crab-eating monkey acidic chitinase (CHIA) is an enzyme with robust activity in various environments. Here, we report the efficient degradation of chitin and chitosan by monkey CHIA under acidic and high-temperature conditions. Monkey CHIA hydrolyzed α-chitin at 50 °C, producing <i>N</i>-acetyl-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-glucosamine (GlcNAc) dimers more efficiently than at 37 °C. Moreover, the degradation rate increased with a longer incubation time (up to 72 h) without the inactivation of the enzyme. Five substrates (α-chitin, colloidal chitin, P-chitin, block-type, and random-type chitosan substrates) were exposed to monkey CHIS at pH 2.0 or pH 5.0 at 50 °C. P-chitin and random-type chitosan appeared to be the best sources of GlcNAc dimers and broad-scale chitooligosaccharides, respectively. In addition, the pattern of the products from the block-type chitosan was different between pH conditions (pH 2.0 and pH 5.0). Thus, monkey CHIA can degrade chitin and chitosan efficiently without inactivation under high-temperature or low pH conditions. Our results show that certain chitooligosaccharides are enriched by using different substrates under different conditions. Therefore, the reaction conditions can be adjusted to obtain desired oligomers. Crab-eating monkey CHIA can potentially become an efficient tool in producing chitooligosaccharide sets for agricultural and biomedical purposes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:51:03Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:51:03Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-87e3aba29d10483faf2a28c00f03bb942023-11-23T14:51:32ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-01-0127240910.3390/molecules27020409Crab-Eating Monkey Acidic Chitinase (CHIA) Efficiently Degrades Chitin and Chitosan under Acidic and High-Temperature ConditionsMaiko Uehara0Chinatsu Takasaki1Satoshi Wakita2Yasusato Sugahara3Eri Tabata4Vaclav Matoska5Peter O. Bauer6Fumitaka Oyama7Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Tokyo 192-0015, JapanDepartment of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Tokyo 192-0015, JapanDepartment of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Tokyo 192-0015, JapanDepartment of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Tokyo 192-0015, JapanDepartment of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Tokyo 192-0015, JapanLaboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Homolka Hospital, Roentgenova 37/2, 150 00 Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Homolka Hospital, Roentgenova 37/2, 150 00 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Tokyo 192-0015, JapanChitooligosaccharides, the degradation products of chitin and chitosan, possess anti-bacterial, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory activities. The enzymatic production of chitooligosaccharides may increase the interest in their potential biomedical or agricultural usability in terms of the safety and simplicity of the manufacturing process. Crab-eating monkey acidic chitinase (CHIA) is an enzyme with robust activity in various environments. Here, we report the efficient degradation of chitin and chitosan by monkey CHIA under acidic and high-temperature conditions. Monkey CHIA hydrolyzed α-chitin at 50 °C, producing <i>N</i>-acetyl-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-glucosamine (GlcNAc) dimers more efficiently than at 37 °C. Moreover, the degradation rate increased with a longer incubation time (up to 72 h) without the inactivation of the enzyme. Five substrates (α-chitin, colloidal chitin, P-chitin, block-type, and random-type chitosan substrates) were exposed to monkey CHIS at pH 2.0 or pH 5.0 at 50 °C. P-chitin and random-type chitosan appeared to be the best sources of GlcNAc dimers and broad-scale chitooligosaccharides, respectively. In addition, the pattern of the products from the block-type chitosan was different between pH conditions (pH 2.0 and pH 5.0). Thus, monkey CHIA can degrade chitin and chitosan efficiently without inactivation under high-temperature or low pH conditions. Our results show that certain chitooligosaccharides are enriched by using different substrates under different conditions. Therefore, the reaction conditions can be adjusted to obtain desired oligomers. Crab-eating monkey CHIA can potentially become an efficient tool in producing chitooligosaccharide sets for agricultural and biomedical purposes.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/2/409acidic chitinasechitinchitosanchitooligosaccharidesFACE method |
| spellingShingle | Maiko Uehara Chinatsu Takasaki Satoshi Wakita Yasusato Sugahara Eri Tabata Vaclav Matoska Peter O. Bauer Fumitaka Oyama Crab-Eating Monkey Acidic Chitinase (CHIA) Efficiently Degrades Chitin and Chitosan under Acidic and High-Temperature Conditions Molecules acidic chitinase chitin chitosan chitooligosaccharides FACE method |
| title | Crab-Eating Monkey Acidic Chitinase (CHIA) Efficiently Degrades Chitin and Chitosan under Acidic and High-Temperature Conditions |
| title_full | Crab-Eating Monkey Acidic Chitinase (CHIA) Efficiently Degrades Chitin and Chitosan under Acidic and High-Temperature Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Crab-Eating Monkey Acidic Chitinase (CHIA) Efficiently Degrades Chitin and Chitosan under Acidic and High-Temperature Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Crab-Eating Monkey Acidic Chitinase (CHIA) Efficiently Degrades Chitin and Chitosan under Acidic and High-Temperature Conditions |
| title_short | Crab-Eating Monkey Acidic Chitinase (CHIA) Efficiently Degrades Chitin and Chitosan under Acidic and High-Temperature Conditions |
| title_sort | crab eating monkey acidic chitinase chia efficiently degrades chitin and chitosan under acidic and high temperature conditions |
| topic | acidic chitinase chitin chitosan chitooligosaccharides FACE method |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/2/409 |
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