An Analysis of the Neutralizing Antibodies against the Main SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Healthcare Workers (HCWs) Vaccinated against or Infected by SARS-CoV-2
Although the anti-COVID-19 vaccination has proved to be an effective preventive tool, “breakthrough infections” have been documented in patients with complete primary vaccination courses. Most of the SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies produced after SARS-CoV-2 infection target the spike protein rece...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/11/1702 |
| _version_ | 1797457555278004224 |
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| author | Palmira Immordino Vincenzo Pisciotta Emanuele Amodio Celestino Bonura Floriana Bonura Federica Cacioppo Giuseppe Calamusa Giuseppina Capra Alessandra Casuccio Simona De Grazia Dario Genovese Davide Graci Guido Lacca Giuseppa Luisa Sanfilippo Maria Gabriella Verso Giovanni Maurizio Giammanco Donatella Ferraro |
| author_facet | Palmira Immordino Vincenzo Pisciotta Emanuele Amodio Celestino Bonura Floriana Bonura Federica Cacioppo Giuseppe Calamusa Giuseppina Capra Alessandra Casuccio Simona De Grazia Dario Genovese Davide Graci Guido Lacca Giuseppa Luisa Sanfilippo Maria Gabriella Verso Giovanni Maurizio Giammanco Donatella Ferraro |
| author_sort | Palmira Immordino |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Although the anti-COVID-19 vaccination has proved to be an effective preventive tool, “breakthrough infections” have been documented in patients with complete primary vaccination courses. Most of the SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies produced after SARS-CoV-2 infection target the spike protein receptor-binding domain which has an important role in facilitating viral entry and the infection of the host cells. SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated the ability to evolve by accumulating mutations in the spike protein to escape the humoral response of a host. The aim of this study was to compare the titers of neutralizing antibodies (NtAbs) against the variants of SARS-CoV-2 by analyzing the sera of recovered and vaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs). A total of 293 HCWs were enrolled and divided into three cohorts as follows: 91 who had recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection (nVP); 102 that were vaccinated and became positive after the primary cycle (VP); and 100 that were vaccinated with complete primary cycles and concluded the follow-up period without becoming positive (VN). Higher neutralization titers were observed in the vaccinated subjects’ arms compared to the nVP subjects’ arms. Differences in neutralization titers between arms for single variants were statistically highly significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001), except for the differences between titers against the Alpha variant in the nVP and in VP groups, which were also statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Within the nVP group, the number of subjects with an absence of neutralizing antibodies was high. The presence of higher titers in patients with a complete primary cycle compared to patients who had recovered from infection suggested the better efficacy of artificial immunization compared to natural immunization, and this further encourages the promotion of vaccination even in subjects with previous infections. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:23:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-87eb7853dfe64cf7886a20c015111642 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:23:43Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-87eb7853dfe64cf7886a20c0151116422023-11-24T15:10:11ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2023-11-011111170210.3390/vaccines11111702An Analysis of the Neutralizing Antibodies against the Main SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Healthcare Workers (HCWs) Vaccinated against or Infected by SARS-CoV-2Palmira Immordino0Vincenzo Pisciotta1Emanuele Amodio2Celestino Bonura3Floriana Bonura4Federica Cacioppo5Giuseppe Calamusa6Giuseppina Capra7Alessandra Casuccio8Simona De Grazia9Dario Genovese10Davide Graci11Guido Lacca12Giuseppa Luisa Sanfilippo13Maria Gabriella Verso14Giovanni Maurizio Giammanco15Donatella Ferraro16Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile “G. D’Alessandro”, PROMISE, Università di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile “G. D’Alessandro”, PROMISE, Università di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile “G. D’Alessandro”, PROMISE, Università di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile “G. D’Alessandro”, PROMISE, Università di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile “G. D’Alessandro”, PROMISE, Università di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile “G. D’Alessandro”, PROMISE, Università di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile “G. D’Alessandro”, PROMISE, Università di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile “G. D’Alessandro”, PROMISE, Università di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile “G. D’Alessandro”, PROMISE, Università di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile “G. D’Alessandro”, PROMISE, Università di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile “G. D’Alessandro”, PROMISE, Università di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile “G. D’Alessandro”, PROMISE, Università di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile “G. D’Alessandro”, PROMISE, Università di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile “G. D’Alessandro”, PROMISE, Università di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile “G. D’Alessandro”, PROMISE, Università di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile “G. D’Alessandro”, PROMISE, Università di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile “G. D’Alessandro”, PROMISE, Università di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, ItalyAlthough the anti-COVID-19 vaccination has proved to be an effective preventive tool, “breakthrough infections” have been documented in patients with complete primary vaccination courses. Most of the SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies produced after SARS-CoV-2 infection target the spike protein receptor-binding domain which has an important role in facilitating viral entry and the infection of the host cells. SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated the ability to evolve by accumulating mutations in the spike protein to escape the humoral response of a host. The aim of this study was to compare the titers of neutralizing antibodies (NtAbs) against the variants of SARS-CoV-2 by analyzing the sera of recovered and vaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs). A total of 293 HCWs were enrolled and divided into three cohorts as follows: 91 who had recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection (nVP); 102 that were vaccinated and became positive after the primary cycle (VP); and 100 that were vaccinated with complete primary cycles and concluded the follow-up period without becoming positive (VN). Higher neutralization titers were observed in the vaccinated subjects’ arms compared to the nVP subjects’ arms. Differences in neutralization titers between arms for single variants were statistically highly significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001), except for the differences between titers against the Alpha variant in the nVP and in VP groups, which were also statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Within the nVP group, the number of subjects with an absence of neutralizing antibodies was high. The presence of higher titers in patients with a complete primary cycle compared to patients who had recovered from infection suggested the better efficacy of artificial immunization compared to natural immunization, and this further encourages the promotion of vaccination even in subjects with previous infections.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/11/1702SARS-CoV-2healthcare workersvaccineCOVID-19neutralizing antibodiesvariants of concern |
| spellingShingle | Palmira Immordino Vincenzo Pisciotta Emanuele Amodio Celestino Bonura Floriana Bonura Federica Cacioppo Giuseppe Calamusa Giuseppina Capra Alessandra Casuccio Simona De Grazia Dario Genovese Davide Graci Guido Lacca Giuseppa Luisa Sanfilippo Maria Gabriella Verso Giovanni Maurizio Giammanco Donatella Ferraro An Analysis of the Neutralizing Antibodies against the Main SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Healthcare Workers (HCWs) Vaccinated against or Infected by SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines SARS-CoV-2 healthcare workers vaccine COVID-19 neutralizing antibodies variants of concern |
| title | An Analysis of the Neutralizing Antibodies against the Main SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Healthcare Workers (HCWs) Vaccinated against or Infected by SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_full | An Analysis of the Neutralizing Antibodies against the Main SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Healthcare Workers (HCWs) Vaccinated against or Infected by SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_fullStr | An Analysis of the Neutralizing Antibodies against the Main SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Healthcare Workers (HCWs) Vaccinated against or Infected by SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Analysis of the Neutralizing Antibodies against the Main SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Healthcare Workers (HCWs) Vaccinated against or Infected by SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_short | An Analysis of the Neutralizing Antibodies against the Main SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Healthcare Workers (HCWs) Vaccinated against or Infected by SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_sort | analysis of the neutralizing antibodies against the main sars cov 2 variants in healthcare workers hcws vaccinated against or infected by sars cov 2 |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 healthcare workers vaccine COVID-19 neutralizing antibodies variants of concern |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/11/1702 |
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