Protein Adsorption, Calcium-Binding Ability, and Biocompatibility of Silver Nanoparticle-Loaded Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Hydrogels Using Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Several approaches have evolved to facilitate the exploration of hydrogel systems in biomedical research. In this sense, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) has been widely used in hydrogel (HG) fabrication for several therapeutic applications. The biological properties of PVA hydrogels (PVA-HGs) are highly d...
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/7/1843 |
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| author | Jeevithan Elango Camilo Zamora-Ledezma Frank Alexis Wenhui Wu José Eduardo Maté-Sánchez de Val |
| author_facet | Jeevithan Elango Camilo Zamora-Ledezma Frank Alexis Wenhui Wu José Eduardo Maté-Sánchez de Val |
| author_sort | Jeevithan Elango |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Several approaches have evolved to facilitate the exploration of hydrogel systems in biomedical research. In this sense, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) has been widely used in hydrogel (HG) fabrication for several therapeutic applications. The biological properties of PVA hydrogels (PVA-HGs) are highly dependent on their interaction with protein receptors and extracellular matrix (mainly calcium) deposition, for which there is not enough evidence from existing research yet. Thus, for the first time, the functional properties, like protein and mineral interactions, related to the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by silver nanoparticle (AgNP)-loaded PVA hydrogels (AgNPs-PVA-HGs) were investigated in the present study. The UV absorption spectrum and TEM microscopic results showed a maximum absorbance of synthesized AgNPs at 409 nm, with an average particle size of 14.5 ± 2.5 nm, respectively. The functional properties, such as the calcium-binding and the protein adsorption of PVA-HG, were accelerated by incorporating AgNPs; however, the swelling properties of the HGs were reduced by AgNPs, which might be due to the masking of the free functional groups (hydroxyl groups of PVA) by AgNPs. SEM images showed the presence of AgNPs with a more porous structure in the HGs. The proliferative effect of MSCs increased over culture time from day 1 to day 7, and the cell proliferative effect was upregulated by HGs with more pronounced AgNPs-PVA-HG. In addition, both HGs did not produce any significant cytotoxicity in the MSCs. The histological (bright light and H&E staining) and fluorescence microscopic images showed the presence of a cytoskeleton and the fibrillar structure of the MSCs, and the cells adhered more firmly to all HGs. More fibrillar bipolar and dense fibrillar structures were seen in the day 1 and day 7 cultures, respectively. Interestingly, the MSCs cultured on AgNPs-PVA-HG produced extracellular matrix deposition on day 7. Accordingly, the present results proved the biocompatibility of AgNPs-PVA-HG as a suitable system for culturing mammalian stem cells for regenerative tissue applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:44:04Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:44:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-87f1287ae5364aa69cf3901936cc498a2023-11-18T20:54:38ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232023-06-01157184310.3390/pharmaceutics15071843Protein Adsorption, Calcium-Binding Ability, and Biocompatibility of Silver Nanoparticle-Loaded Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Hydrogels Using Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem CellsJeevithan Elango0Camilo Zamora-Ledezma1Frank Alexis2Wenhui Wu3José Eduardo Maté-Sánchez de Val4Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM—Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, SpainGreen and Innovative Technologies for Food, Environment and Bioengineering Research Group (FEnBeT), Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, UCAM—Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, SpainDepartmento de Ingenería Química, Colegio de Ciencias y Ingenierias, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (Ecuador), Campus Cumbayá, Diego de Robles s/n, Quito 170901, EcuadorDepartment of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaDepartment of Biomaterials Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM—Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, SpainSeveral approaches have evolved to facilitate the exploration of hydrogel systems in biomedical research. In this sense, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) has been widely used in hydrogel (HG) fabrication for several therapeutic applications. The biological properties of PVA hydrogels (PVA-HGs) are highly dependent on their interaction with protein receptors and extracellular matrix (mainly calcium) deposition, for which there is not enough evidence from existing research yet. Thus, for the first time, the functional properties, like protein and mineral interactions, related to the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by silver nanoparticle (AgNP)-loaded PVA hydrogels (AgNPs-PVA-HGs) were investigated in the present study. The UV absorption spectrum and TEM microscopic results showed a maximum absorbance of synthesized AgNPs at 409 nm, with an average particle size of 14.5 ± 2.5 nm, respectively. The functional properties, such as the calcium-binding and the protein adsorption of PVA-HG, were accelerated by incorporating AgNPs; however, the swelling properties of the HGs were reduced by AgNPs, which might be due to the masking of the free functional groups (hydroxyl groups of PVA) by AgNPs. SEM images showed the presence of AgNPs with a more porous structure in the HGs. The proliferative effect of MSCs increased over culture time from day 1 to day 7, and the cell proliferative effect was upregulated by HGs with more pronounced AgNPs-PVA-HG. In addition, both HGs did not produce any significant cytotoxicity in the MSCs. The histological (bright light and H&E staining) and fluorescence microscopic images showed the presence of a cytoskeleton and the fibrillar structure of the MSCs, and the cells adhered more firmly to all HGs. More fibrillar bipolar and dense fibrillar structures were seen in the day 1 and day 7 cultures, respectively. Interestingly, the MSCs cultured on AgNPs-PVA-HG produced extracellular matrix deposition on day 7. Accordingly, the present results proved the biocompatibility of AgNPs-PVA-HG as a suitable system for culturing mammalian stem cells for regenerative tissue applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/7/1843hydrogelPVAAgNPsmesenchymal stem cellsprotein and mineral interaction |
| spellingShingle | Jeevithan Elango Camilo Zamora-Ledezma Frank Alexis Wenhui Wu José Eduardo Maté-Sánchez de Val Protein Adsorption, Calcium-Binding Ability, and Biocompatibility of Silver Nanoparticle-Loaded Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Hydrogels Using Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Pharmaceutics hydrogel PVA AgNPs mesenchymal stem cells protein and mineral interaction |
| title | Protein Adsorption, Calcium-Binding Ability, and Biocompatibility of Silver Nanoparticle-Loaded Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Hydrogels Using Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells |
| title_full | Protein Adsorption, Calcium-Binding Ability, and Biocompatibility of Silver Nanoparticle-Loaded Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Hydrogels Using Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells |
| title_fullStr | Protein Adsorption, Calcium-Binding Ability, and Biocompatibility of Silver Nanoparticle-Loaded Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Hydrogels Using Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Protein Adsorption, Calcium-Binding Ability, and Biocompatibility of Silver Nanoparticle-Loaded Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Hydrogels Using Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells |
| title_short | Protein Adsorption, Calcium-Binding Ability, and Biocompatibility of Silver Nanoparticle-Loaded Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Hydrogels Using Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells |
| title_sort | protein adsorption calcium binding ability and biocompatibility of silver nanoparticle loaded polyvinyl alcohol pva hydrogels using bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells |
| topic | hydrogel PVA AgNPs mesenchymal stem cells protein and mineral interaction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/7/1843 |
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