Identification of Chicken Transglutaminase 1 and In Situ Localization of Transglutaminase Activity in Avian Skin and Esophagus
Transglutaminase 1 (TGM1) is a membrane-anchored enzyme that cross-links proteins during terminal differentiation of epidermal and esophageal keratinocytes in mammals. The current genome assembly of the chicken, which is a major model for avian skin biology, does not include an annotated region corr...
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/10/1565 |
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| author | Attila Placido Sachslehner Marta Surbek Julia Lachner Surya Paudel Leopold Eckhart |
| author_facet | Attila Placido Sachslehner Marta Surbek Julia Lachner Surya Paudel Leopold Eckhart |
| author_sort | Attila Placido Sachslehner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Transglutaminase 1 (TGM1) is a membrane-anchored enzyme that cross-links proteins during terminal differentiation of epidermal and esophageal keratinocytes in mammals. The current genome assembly of the chicken, which is a major model for avian skin biology, does not include an annotated region corresponding to <i>TGM1</i>. To close this gap of knowledge about the genetic control of avian cornification, we analyzed RNA-sequencing reads from organotypic chicken skin and identified <i>TGM1</i> mRNA. By RT-PCR, we demonstrated that <i>TGM1</i> is expressed in the skin and esophagus of chickens. The cysteine-rich sequence motif required for palmitoylation and membrane anchorage is conserved in the chicken TGM1 protein, and differentiated chicken keratinocytes display membrane-associated transglutaminase activity. Expression of <i>TGM1</i> and prominent transglutaminase activity in the esophageal epithelium was also demonstrated in the zebra finch. Altogether, the results of this study indicate that <i>TGM1</i> is conserved among birds and suggest that chicken keratinocytes may be a useful model for the study of TGM1 in non-mammalian cornification. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:32:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-87fb91c19c334097b3f67d37a6b99454 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:32:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-87fb91c19c334097b3f67d37a6b994542023-11-22T18:21:58ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252021-09-011210156510.3390/genes12101565Identification of Chicken Transglutaminase 1 and In Situ Localization of Transglutaminase Activity in Avian Skin and EsophagusAttila Placido Sachslehner0Marta Surbek1Julia Lachner2Surya Paudel3Leopold Eckhart4Skin Biology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, AustriaSkin Biology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, AustriaSkin Biology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, AustriaClinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, AustriaSkin Biology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, AustriaTransglutaminase 1 (TGM1) is a membrane-anchored enzyme that cross-links proteins during terminal differentiation of epidermal and esophageal keratinocytes in mammals. The current genome assembly of the chicken, which is a major model for avian skin biology, does not include an annotated region corresponding to <i>TGM1</i>. To close this gap of knowledge about the genetic control of avian cornification, we analyzed RNA-sequencing reads from organotypic chicken skin and identified <i>TGM1</i> mRNA. By RT-PCR, we demonstrated that <i>TGM1</i> is expressed in the skin and esophagus of chickens. The cysteine-rich sequence motif required for palmitoylation and membrane anchorage is conserved in the chicken TGM1 protein, and differentiated chicken keratinocytes display membrane-associated transglutaminase activity. Expression of <i>TGM1</i> and prominent transglutaminase activity in the esophageal epithelium was also demonstrated in the zebra finch. Altogether, the results of this study indicate that <i>TGM1</i> is conserved among birds and suggest that chicken keratinocytes may be a useful model for the study of TGM1 in non-mammalian cornification.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/10/1565transglutaminasecornificationkeratinocytesepidermisesophagusbirds |
| spellingShingle | Attila Placido Sachslehner Marta Surbek Julia Lachner Surya Paudel Leopold Eckhart Identification of Chicken Transglutaminase 1 and In Situ Localization of Transglutaminase Activity in Avian Skin and Esophagus Genes transglutaminase cornification keratinocytes epidermis esophagus birds |
| title | Identification of Chicken Transglutaminase 1 and In Situ Localization of Transglutaminase Activity in Avian Skin and Esophagus |
| title_full | Identification of Chicken Transglutaminase 1 and In Situ Localization of Transglutaminase Activity in Avian Skin and Esophagus |
| title_fullStr | Identification of Chicken Transglutaminase 1 and In Situ Localization of Transglutaminase Activity in Avian Skin and Esophagus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification of Chicken Transglutaminase 1 and In Situ Localization of Transglutaminase Activity in Avian Skin and Esophagus |
| title_short | Identification of Chicken Transglutaminase 1 and In Situ Localization of Transglutaminase Activity in Avian Skin and Esophagus |
| title_sort | identification of chicken transglutaminase 1 and in situ localization of transglutaminase activity in avian skin and esophagus |
| topic | transglutaminase cornification keratinocytes epidermis esophagus birds |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/10/1565 |
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