Hydrochemical evolution of groundwater in northwestern part of the Indo-Gangetic Basin, India: A geochemical and isotopic approach
The present study aims to understand the hydrochemical evolution of groundwater in the Ghaggar River Basin, representing a zone of excessive abstraction of groundwater in the northwestern Indo-Gangetic Basin. The study comprises a regional scale and high-resolution sampling of groundwater during pre...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Geoscience Frontiers |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987123001433 |
| _version_ | 1797659920137453568 |
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| author | Shive Prakash Rai Kossitse Venyo Akpataku Jacob Noble Abhinav Patel Suneel Kumar Joshi |
| author_facet | Shive Prakash Rai Kossitse Venyo Akpataku Jacob Noble Abhinav Patel Suneel Kumar Joshi |
| author_sort | Shive Prakash Rai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study aims to understand the hydrochemical evolution of groundwater in the Ghaggar River Basin, representing a zone of excessive abstraction of groundwater in the northwestern Indo-Gangetic Basin. The study comprises a regional scale and high-resolution sampling of groundwater during pre- and post-monsoon seasons of 2013 and their analyses for major ions, δ18O, δ2H, and 3H. Variation in hydrochemical and isotopic data is found both in spatial and vertical scales. The significant vertical variation of TDS, NO3− and K+ allowed the classification of the aquifer system into two major groups: shallow (depth < 80 m bgl) and deep (depth > 80 m bgl). The depthwise variations of δ18O and δ2H support this categorization of the aquifers. The Ca-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-Na-HCO3 water facies with higher values of 3H in the proximal part of the basin characterize recharge areas under humid conditions. The dominance of Mg-Na-HCO3 and Na-HCO3 facies in shallow and deep aquifers in central part of the basin, illustrate the intermediate to advanced stages of hydrochemical evolution in the system. Dominance of brackish Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4 and Na-Cl-SO4 water types in the discharge areas is due to the prevailing geological conditions and anthropogenic activities. Geochemical modelling supports the reverse cation exchange and mixing during lateral and vertical flows, weathering of silicate minerals, dissolution of crustal salts, and evaporative enrichment are the natural processes governing the evolution of groundwater chemistry along the flowpaths. The developed process-based conceptual model will aid in the formulation of a suitable plan for groundwater resource management in the region. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T18:22:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-88080c1d2e8f46b9b2e6517f5666cfe9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1674-9871 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T18:22:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Geoscience Frontiers |
| spelling | doaj.art-88080c1d2e8f46b9b2e6517f5666cfe92023-10-15T04:37:21ZengElsevierGeoscience Frontiers1674-98712023-11-01146101676Hydrochemical evolution of groundwater in northwestern part of the Indo-Gangetic Basin, India: A geochemical and isotopic approachShive Prakash Rai0Kossitse Venyo Akpataku1Jacob Noble2Abhinav Patel3Suneel Kumar Joshi4Department of Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; Corresponding author.Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Kara, PO Box 404, Kara, Togo; Laboratory of Applied Hydrology and Environment, University of Lomé, P.O. Box 1515, Lome, TogoIsotope and Radiation Application Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, IndiaDepartment of Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, IndiaHydrological Investigations Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee 247667, IndiaThe present study aims to understand the hydrochemical evolution of groundwater in the Ghaggar River Basin, representing a zone of excessive abstraction of groundwater in the northwestern Indo-Gangetic Basin. The study comprises a regional scale and high-resolution sampling of groundwater during pre- and post-monsoon seasons of 2013 and their analyses for major ions, δ18O, δ2H, and 3H. Variation in hydrochemical and isotopic data is found both in spatial and vertical scales. The significant vertical variation of TDS, NO3− and K+ allowed the classification of the aquifer system into two major groups: shallow (depth < 80 m bgl) and deep (depth > 80 m bgl). The depthwise variations of δ18O and δ2H support this categorization of the aquifers. The Ca-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-Na-HCO3 water facies with higher values of 3H in the proximal part of the basin characterize recharge areas under humid conditions. The dominance of Mg-Na-HCO3 and Na-HCO3 facies in shallow and deep aquifers in central part of the basin, illustrate the intermediate to advanced stages of hydrochemical evolution in the system. Dominance of brackish Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4 and Na-Cl-SO4 water types in the discharge areas is due to the prevailing geological conditions and anthropogenic activities. Geochemical modelling supports the reverse cation exchange and mixing during lateral and vertical flows, weathering of silicate minerals, dissolution of crustal salts, and evaporative enrichment are the natural processes governing the evolution of groundwater chemistry along the flowpaths. The developed process-based conceptual model will aid in the formulation of a suitable plan for groundwater resource management in the region.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987123001433Hydrogeochemical evolutionGroundwater salinityCation exchangeFluorideAnthropogenic impactGhaggar River Basin |
| spellingShingle | Shive Prakash Rai Kossitse Venyo Akpataku Jacob Noble Abhinav Patel Suneel Kumar Joshi Hydrochemical evolution of groundwater in northwestern part of the Indo-Gangetic Basin, India: A geochemical and isotopic approach Geoscience Frontiers Hydrogeochemical evolution Groundwater salinity Cation exchange Fluoride Anthropogenic impact Ghaggar River Basin |
| title | Hydrochemical evolution of groundwater in northwestern part of the Indo-Gangetic Basin, India: A geochemical and isotopic approach |
| title_full | Hydrochemical evolution of groundwater in northwestern part of the Indo-Gangetic Basin, India: A geochemical and isotopic approach |
| title_fullStr | Hydrochemical evolution of groundwater in northwestern part of the Indo-Gangetic Basin, India: A geochemical and isotopic approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydrochemical evolution of groundwater in northwestern part of the Indo-Gangetic Basin, India: A geochemical and isotopic approach |
| title_short | Hydrochemical evolution of groundwater in northwestern part of the Indo-Gangetic Basin, India: A geochemical and isotopic approach |
| title_sort | hydrochemical evolution of groundwater in northwestern part of the indo gangetic basin india a geochemical and isotopic approach |
| topic | Hydrogeochemical evolution Groundwater salinity Cation exchange Fluoride Anthropogenic impact Ghaggar River Basin |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987123001433 |
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