The Extracellular Matrix Vitalizer RA<sup>TM</sup> Increased Skin Elasticity by Modulating Mitochondrial Function in Aged Animal Skin
Oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction result in skin aging by increasing ECM levels-degrading proteins such as MMPs, and decreasing collagen synthesis. MMPs also destroy the basement membrane, which is involved in skin elasticity. The extracellular matrix vitaliz...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-03-01
|
| Series: | Antioxidants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/3/694 |
| _version_ | 1827751621918982144 |
|---|---|
| author | Kyung-A Byun Seyeon Oh Sosorburam Batsukh Min Jeong Kim Je Hyuk Lee Hyun Jun Park Moon Suk Chung Kuk Hui Son Kyunghee Byun |
| author_facet | Kyung-A Byun Seyeon Oh Sosorburam Batsukh Min Jeong Kim Je Hyuk Lee Hyun Jun Park Moon Suk Chung Kuk Hui Son Kyunghee Byun |
| author_sort | Kyung-A Byun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction result in skin aging by increasing ECM levels-degrading proteins such as MMPs, and decreasing collagen synthesis. MMPs also destroy the basement membrane, which is involved in skin elasticity. The extracellular matrix vitalizer RA<sup>TM</sup> (RA) contains various antioxidants and sodium hyaluronate, which lead to skin rejuvenation. We evaluated whether RA decreases oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, eventually increasing skin elasticity in aged animals. Oxidative stress was assessed by assaying NADPH oxidase activity, which is involved in ROS generation, and the expression of SOD, which removes ROS. NADPH oxidase activity was increased in aged skin and decreased by RA injection. SOD expression was decreased in aged skin and increased by RA injection. Damage to mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial fusion markers was increased in aged skin and decreased by RA. The levels of mitochondrial biogenesis markers and fission markers were decreased in aged skin and increased by RA. The levels of NF-κB/AP-1 and MMP1/2/3/9 were increased in aged skin and decreased by RA. The levels of TGF-β, CTGF, and collagen I/III were decreased in aged skin and increased by RA. The expression of laminin and nidogen and basement membrane density were decreased in aged skin and increased by RA. RA increased collagen fiber accumulation and elasticity in aged skin. In conclusion, RA improves skin rejuvenation by decreasing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in aged skin. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:00:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-881024a046144f3699f4a20f239cd67f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:00:40Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-881024a046144f3699f4a20f239cd67f2023-11-17T09:18:28ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212023-03-0112369410.3390/antiox12030694The Extracellular Matrix Vitalizer RA<sup>TM</sup> Increased Skin Elasticity by Modulating Mitochondrial Function in Aged Animal SkinKyung-A Byun0Seyeon Oh1Sosorburam Batsukh2Min Jeong Kim3Je Hyuk Lee4Hyun Jun Park5Moon Suk Chung6Kuk Hui Son7Kyunghee Byun8Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Republic of KoreaFunctional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Republic of KoreaMihana Clinic, Gyeonggi 17051, Republic of KoreaDoctorbom Clinic, Seoul 06614, Republic of KoreaMaylin Anti-Aging Clinic, Seoul 06005, Republic of KoreaI’ll Global Co., Inc., Seoul 06532, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Republic of KoreaOxidative stress-induced cellular senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction result in skin aging by increasing ECM levels-degrading proteins such as MMPs, and decreasing collagen synthesis. MMPs also destroy the basement membrane, which is involved in skin elasticity. The extracellular matrix vitalizer RA<sup>TM</sup> (RA) contains various antioxidants and sodium hyaluronate, which lead to skin rejuvenation. We evaluated whether RA decreases oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, eventually increasing skin elasticity in aged animals. Oxidative stress was assessed by assaying NADPH oxidase activity, which is involved in ROS generation, and the expression of SOD, which removes ROS. NADPH oxidase activity was increased in aged skin and decreased by RA injection. SOD expression was decreased in aged skin and increased by RA injection. Damage to mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial fusion markers was increased in aged skin and decreased by RA. The levels of mitochondrial biogenesis markers and fission markers were decreased in aged skin and increased by RA. The levels of NF-κB/AP-1 and MMP1/2/3/9 were increased in aged skin and decreased by RA. The levels of TGF-β, CTGF, and collagen I/III were decreased in aged skin and increased by RA. The expression of laminin and nidogen and basement membrane density were decreased in aged skin and increased by RA. RA increased collagen fiber accumulation and elasticity in aged skin. In conclusion, RA improves skin rejuvenation by decreasing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in aged skin.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/3/694basement membraneextracellular matrix vitalizer-RA<sup>TM</sup>mitochondrial dysfunctionoxidative stressskin rejuvenation |
| spellingShingle | Kyung-A Byun Seyeon Oh Sosorburam Batsukh Min Jeong Kim Je Hyuk Lee Hyun Jun Park Moon Suk Chung Kuk Hui Son Kyunghee Byun The Extracellular Matrix Vitalizer RA<sup>TM</sup> Increased Skin Elasticity by Modulating Mitochondrial Function in Aged Animal Skin Antioxidants basement membrane extracellular matrix vitalizer-RA<sup>TM</sup> mitochondrial dysfunction oxidative stress skin rejuvenation |
| title | The Extracellular Matrix Vitalizer RA<sup>TM</sup> Increased Skin Elasticity by Modulating Mitochondrial Function in Aged Animal Skin |
| title_full | The Extracellular Matrix Vitalizer RA<sup>TM</sup> Increased Skin Elasticity by Modulating Mitochondrial Function in Aged Animal Skin |
| title_fullStr | The Extracellular Matrix Vitalizer RA<sup>TM</sup> Increased Skin Elasticity by Modulating Mitochondrial Function in Aged Animal Skin |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Extracellular Matrix Vitalizer RA<sup>TM</sup> Increased Skin Elasticity by Modulating Mitochondrial Function in Aged Animal Skin |
| title_short | The Extracellular Matrix Vitalizer RA<sup>TM</sup> Increased Skin Elasticity by Modulating Mitochondrial Function in Aged Animal Skin |
| title_sort | extracellular matrix vitalizer ra sup tm sup increased skin elasticity by modulating mitochondrial function in aged animal skin |
| topic | basement membrane extracellular matrix vitalizer-RA<sup>TM</sup> mitochondrial dysfunction oxidative stress skin rejuvenation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/3/694 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kyungabyun theextracellularmatrixvitalizerrasuptmsupincreasedskinelasticitybymodulatingmitochondrialfunctioninagedanimalskin AT seyeonoh theextracellularmatrixvitalizerrasuptmsupincreasedskinelasticitybymodulatingmitochondrialfunctioninagedanimalskin AT sosorburambatsukh theextracellularmatrixvitalizerrasuptmsupincreasedskinelasticitybymodulatingmitochondrialfunctioninagedanimalskin AT minjeongkim theextracellularmatrixvitalizerrasuptmsupincreasedskinelasticitybymodulatingmitochondrialfunctioninagedanimalskin AT jehyuklee theextracellularmatrixvitalizerrasuptmsupincreasedskinelasticitybymodulatingmitochondrialfunctioninagedanimalskin AT hyunjunpark theextracellularmatrixvitalizerrasuptmsupincreasedskinelasticitybymodulatingmitochondrialfunctioninagedanimalskin AT moonsukchung theextracellularmatrixvitalizerrasuptmsupincreasedskinelasticitybymodulatingmitochondrialfunctioninagedanimalskin AT kukhuison theextracellularmatrixvitalizerrasuptmsupincreasedskinelasticitybymodulatingmitochondrialfunctioninagedanimalskin AT kyungheebyun theextracellularmatrixvitalizerrasuptmsupincreasedskinelasticitybymodulatingmitochondrialfunctioninagedanimalskin AT kyungabyun extracellularmatrixvitalizerrasuptmsupincreasedskinelasticitybymodulatingmitochondrialfunctioninagedanimalskin AT seyeonoh extracellularmatrixvitalizerrasuptmsupincreasedskinelasticitybymodulatingmitochondrialfunctioninagedanimalskin AT sosorburambatsukh extracellularmatrixvitalizerrasuptmsupincreasedskinelasticitybymodulatingmitochondrialfunctioninagedanimalskin AT minjeongkim extracellularmatrixvitalizerrasuptmsupincreasedskinelasticitybymodulatingmitochondrialfunctioninagedanimalskin AT jehyuklee extracellularmatrixvitalizerrasuptmsupincreasedskinelasticitybymodulatingmitochondrialfunctioninagedanimalskin AT hyunjunpark extracellularmatrixvitalizerrasuptmsupincreasedskinelasticitybymodulatingmitochondrialfunctioninagedanimalskin AT moonsukchung extracellularmatrixvitalizerrasuptmsupincreasedskinelasticitybymodulatingmitochondrialfunctioninagedanimalskin AT kukhuison extracellularmatrixvitalizerrasuptmsupincreasedskinelasticitybymodulatingmitochondrialfunctioninagedanimalskin AT kyungheebyun extracellularmatrixvitalizerrasuptmsupincreasedskinelasticitybymodulatingmitochondrialfunctioninagedanimalskin |