| Summary: | Premature birth (PB) is the most important aspects in maternal and child health care. The frequency of PB and birth of immature infants is increasing and ranges from 4.0 to 15.0-20.0%. In Ukraineits frequency varies from 3.0% to 12.0%. Preterm infants account for 60-70% of early neonatal and 65-75% of infant mortality. The aim: to examine the main premature baby’s immune system indexes as it is the immune system state that determines survival of a newborn child, the peculiarity of its life in neonatal period, effectiveness of therapeutic and rehabilitation measures, as well as the degree of disability. There were two groups of premature children under study: the I group, n = 62 premature infants, the age of gestation 34-36 weeks without perinatal pathology. The IId group (control ) was represented by 15 healthy newborns, aged 38-40 weeks of gestation. The study was carried out in the first 3 days of the child's life by flow cytofluorometry. In premature infants, the immaturity of the immune system was noted in the form of decrease in all indices of nonspecific immunity: the level of the complement component of C3, the level of immunoglobulins class A, G and M and the values of T-killers and B-lymphocytes.
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