Modelling of Luminous Flux Directed to the Upper Hemisphere from Electrical Substation before and after the Refurbishment of Lighting Systems
This article deals with options for how to express the luminous flux from outdoor electrical substations of the electric transmission system. Processing of the models of light emissions before and after refurbishment of lighting systems was motivated by setting out rules for the design and erection...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/1/345 |
| _version_ | 1797499101546283008 |
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| author | Tomas Novak Petr Becak Roman Dubnicka Jana Raditschova Dionyz Gasparovsky Pavel Valicek Jiri Ullman |
| author_facet | Tomas Novak Petr Becak Roman Dubnicka Jana Raditschova Dionyz Gasparovsky Pavel Valicek Jiri Ullman |
| author_sort | Tomas Novak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This article deals with options for how to express the luminous flux from outdoor electrical substations of the electric transmission system. Processing of the models of light emissions before and after refurbishment of lighting systems was motivated by setting out rules for the design and erection of refurbished lighting systems in outdoor electrical substations, which are most commonly built in inhabited rural areas with low luminance of the background. The proposed model and calculations are based on requirements of international standards and recommendations for lighting of outdoor workplaces as well as on internal regulations of the ČEPS (Czech Transmission System Operator). These requirements are implemented in real electrical substations and lighting models that are extended by the calculation space of the software goniophotometer. The software goniophotometer was used to evaluate light distribution characteristics of entire electric stations in various situations. This article assesses the impact of different lighting systems installed at electrical substations from the perspective of both direct and total luminous flux directed to the upper hemisphere. It takes into account three outdoor electrical substations (420 kV) of a transmission network and their lighting systems before and after refurbishment. The aim of this article is to determine to what extent the electrical substations contribute to emissions of luminous flux to the upper hemisphere. Results from calculations on models show reduced radiation to the upper hemisphere up to 52.3% after refurbishment of obsolete lighting systems, although total installed flux actually increased due to a change in the ratio of direct and reflected luminous flux after refurbishment of lighting systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:42:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-88155f4bbb204975abf472bed17f7199 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:42:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-88155f4bbb204975abf472bed17f71992023-11-23T11:29:14ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-01-0115134510.3390/en15010345Modelling of Luminous Flux Directed to the Upper Hemisphere from Electrical Substation before and after the Refurbishment of Lighting SystemsTomas Novak0Petr Becak1Roman Dubnicka2Jana Raditschova3Dionyz Gasparovsky4Pavel Valicek5Jiri Ullman6Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17 Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech RepublicDepartment of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17 Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech RepublicInstitute of Power and Applied Electrical Engineering, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 3, 812 19 Bratislava, SlovakiaInstitute of Power and Applied Electrical Engineering, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 3, 812 19 Bratislava, SlovakiaInstitute of Power and Applied Electrical Engineering, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 3, 812 19 Bratislava, SlovakiaDepartment of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17 Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech RepublicDepartment of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17 Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech RepublicThis article deals with options for how to express the luminous flux from outdoor electrical substations of the electric transmission system. Processing of the models of light emissions before and after refurbishment of lighting systems was motivated by setting out rules for the design and erection of refurbished lighting systems in outdoor electrical substations, which are most commonly built in inhabited rural areas with low luminance of the background. The proposed model and calculations are based on requirements of international standards and recommendations for lighting of outdoor workplaces as well as on internal regulations of the ČEPS (Czech Transmission System Operator). These requirements are implemented in real electrical substations and lighting models that are extended by the calculation space of the software goniophotometer. The software goniophotometer was used to evaluate light distribution characteristics of entire electric stations in various situations. This article assesses the impact of different lighting systems installed at electrical substations from the perspective of both direct and total luminous flux directed to the upper hemisphere. It takes into account three outdoor electrical substations (420 kV) of a transmission network and their lighting systems before and after refurbishment. The aim of this article is to determine to what extent the electrical substations contribute to emissions of luminous flux to the upper hemisphere. Results from calculations on models show reduced radiation to the upper hemisphere up to 52.3% after refurbishment of obsolete lighting systems, although total installed flux actually increased due to a change in the ratio of direct and reflected luminous flux after refurbishment of lighting systems.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/1/345software goniophotometerlight pollutionelectrical substationlight distribution characteristicmodellighting system |
| spellingShingle | Tomas Novak Petr Becak Roman Dubnicka Jana Raditschova Dionyz Gasparovsky Pavel Valicek Jiri Ullman Modelling of Luminous Flux Directed to the Upper Hemisphere from Electrical Substation before and after the Refurbishment of Lighting Systems Energies software goniophotometer light pollution electrical substation light distribution characteristic model lighting system |
| title | Modelling of Luminous Flux Directed to the Upper Hemisphere from Electrical Substation before and after the Refurbishment of Lighting Systems |
| title_full | Modelling of Luminous Flux Directed to the Upper Hemisphere from Electrical Substation before and after the Refurbishment of Lighting Systems |
| title_fullStr | Modelling of Luminous Flux Directed to the Upper Hemisphere from Electrical Substation before and after the Refurbishment of Lighting Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modelling of Luminous Flux Directed to the Upper Hemisphere from Electrical Substation before and after the Refurbishment of Lighting Systems |
| title_short | Modelling of Luminous Flux Directed to the Upper Hemisphere from Electrical Substation before and after the Refurbishment of Lighting Systems |
| title_sort | modelling of luminous flux directed to the upper hemisphere from electrical substation before and after the refurbishment of lighting systems |
| topic | software goniophotometer light pollution electrical substation light distribution characteristic model lighting system |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/1/345 |
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