Enzyme-Functionalized Piezoresistive Hydrogel Biosensors for the Detection of Urea
Urea is used in a wide variety of industrial applications such as the production of fertilizers. Furthermore, urea as a metabolic product is an important indicator in biomedical diagnostics. For these applications, reliable urea sensors are essential. In this work, we present a novel hydrogel-based...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-06-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/13/2858 |
| _version_ | 1798041474142568448 |
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| author | Jan Erfkamp Margarita Guenther Gerald Gerlach |
| author_facet | Jan Erfkamp Margarita Guenther Gerald Gerlach |
| author_sort | Jan Erfkamp |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Urea is used in a wide variety of industrial applications such as the production of fertilizers. Furthermore, urea as a metabolic product is an important indicator in biomedical diagnostics. For these applications, reliable urea sensors are essential. In this work, we present a novel hydrogel-based biosensor for the detection of urea. The hydrolysis of urea by the enzyme urease leads to an alkaline pH change, which is detected with a pH-sensitive poly(acrylic acid-<i>co</i>-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) hydrogel. For this purpose, the enzyme is physically entrapped during polymerization. This enzyme-hydrogel system shows a large sensitivity in the range from 1 mmol/L up to 20 mmol/L urea with a high long-term stability over at least eight weeks. Furthermore, this urea-sensitive hydrogel is highly selective to urea in comparison to similar species like thiourea or <i>N</i>-methylurea. For sensory applications, the swelling pressure of this hydrogel system is transformed via a piezoresistive pressure sensor into a measurable output voltage. In this way, the basic principle of hydrogel-based piezoresistive urea biosensors was demonstrated. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:22:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-88190f3a44654cdf9d60554a2be48133 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:22:01Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-88190f3a44654cdf9d60554a2be481332022-12-22T04:00:05ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202019-06-011913285810.3390/s19132858s19132858Enzyme-Functionalized Piezoresistive Hydrogel Biosensors for the Detection of UreaJan Erfkamp0Margarita Guenther1Gerald Gerlach2Solid-State Electronics Laboratory, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, GermanySolid-State Electronics Laboratory, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, GermanySolid-State Electronics Laboratory, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, GermanyUrea is used in a wide variety of industrial applications such as the production of fertilizers. Furthermore, urea as a metabolic product is an important indicator in biomedical diagnostics. For these applications, reliable urea sensors are essential. In this work, we present a novel hydrogel-based biosensor for the detection of urea. The hydrolysis of urea by the enzyme urease leads to an alkaline pH change, which is detected with a pH-sensitive poly(acrylic acid-<i>co</i>-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) hydrogel. For this purpose, the enzyme is physically entrapped during polymerization. This enzyme-hydrogel system shows a large sensitivity in the range from 1 mmol/L up to 20 mmol/L urea with a high long-term stability over at least eight weeks. Furthermore, this urea-sensitive hydrogel is highly selective to urea in comparison to similar species like thiourea or <i>N</i>-methylurea. For sensory applications, the swelling pressure of this hydrogel system is transformed via a piezoresistive pressure sensor into a measurable output voltage. In this way, the basic principle of hydrogel-based piezoresistive urea biosensors was demonstrated.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/13/2858stimuli-responsive hydrogelureaureasebiosensorpH valuealkaline pH conditionsurea sensorpiezoresistive pressure sensorhydrogel-based sensor |
| spellingShingle | Jan Erfkamp Margarita Guenther Gerald Gerlach Enzyme-Functionalized Piezoresistive Hydrogel Biosensors for the Detection of Urea Sensors stimuli-responsive hydrogel urea urease biosensor pH value alkaline pH conditions urea sensor piezoresistive pressure sensor hydrogel-based sensor |
| title | Enzyme-Functionalized Piezoresistive Hydrogel Biosensors for the Detection of Urea |
| title_full | Enzyme-Functionalized Piezoresistive Hydrogel Biosensors for the Detection of Urea |
| title_fullStr | Enzyme-Functionalized Piezoresistive Hydrogel Biosensors for the Detection of Urea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enzyme-Functionalized Piezoresistive Hydrogel Biosensors for the Detection of Urea |
| title_short | Enzyme-Functionalized Piezoresistive Hydrogel Biosensors for the Detection of Urea |
| title_sort | enzyme functionalized piezoresistive hydrogel biosensors for the detection of urea |
| topic | stimuli-responsive hydrogel urea urease biosensor pH value alkaline pH conditions urea sensor piezoresistive pressure sensor hydrogel-based sensor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/13/2858 |
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