Effect of Light Emitting Diodes (LED) Exposure on Vitreous Metabolites-Rodent Study
The exposure to blue and white Light emitting diodes (LED) light leads to damage in the visual system with short-term LED light exposure. Chronic exposure, adaptive responses to light, and self-protective mechanisms against LED light exposures need to be explored, and it would be essential to unders...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/1/81 |
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| author | Nagarajan Theruveethi Manjunath B. Joshi Judith S. Jathanna Manna Valiathan Shama Prasada Kabekkodu Manasa Bhandarkar R. Huban Thomas Rajesh Thangarajan Shailaja S. Bhat Sudarshan Surendran |
| author_facet | Nagarajan Theruveethi Manjunath B. Joshi Judith S. Jathanna Manna Valiathan Shama Prasada Kabekkodu Manasa Bhandarkar R. Huban Thomas Rajesh Thangarajan Shailaja S. Bhat Sudarshan Surendran |
| author_sort | Nagarajan Theruveethi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The exposure to blue and white Light emitting diodes (LED) light leads to damage in the visual system with short-term LED light exposure. Chronic exposure, adaptive responses to light, and self-protective mechanisms against LED light exposures need to be explored, and it would be essential to understand the repercussions of LED radiation on vitreous metabolites. A total of 24 male Wistar rats were used in this study, divided into four groups (<i>n</i> = 6 in each group). Three experimental groups of rats were exposed to either blue, white, or yellow LED light for 90 days (12:12 light-dark cycle routine) with uniform illumination (450–500 lux). Standard lab settings were used to maintain control rats. Vitreous fluids were subjected to untargeted metabolomics analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). PLS-DA analysis indicated significant the separation of m metabolites among groups, suggesting that LED exposure induces metabolic reprogramming in the vitreous. Amino acids and their modifications showed significant alterations among groups which included D-alanine, D-serine (<i>p</i> < 0.05), lysine (<i>p</i> < 0.001), aspartate (<i>p</i> = 0.0068), glutathione (<i>p</i> = 0.0263), taurine (<i>p</i> = 0.007), and hypotaurine. In chronic light exposure, the self-protective or reworking system could be depleted, which may decrease the ability to compensate for the defending mechanism. This might fail to maintain the metabolomic structural integrity of the vitreous metabolites. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:42:38Z |
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| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:42:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-881a2f3102ab4f0c8525fda54a51b8ca2023-11-30T23:28:44ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892023-01-011318110.3390/metabo13010081Effect of Light Emitting Diodes (LED) Exposure on Vitreous Metabolites-Rodent StudyNagarajan Theruveethi0Manjunath B. Joshi1Judith S. Jathanna2Manna Valiathan3Shama Prasada Kabekkodu4Manasa Bhandarkar5R. Huban Thomas6Rajesh Thangarajan7Shailaja S. Bhat8Sudarshan Surendran9Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, IndiaDepartment of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, IndiaDepartment of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, IndiaKasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, IndiaDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, IndiaDepartment of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, IndiaKasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, IndiaDepartment of Anatomy, International Medical School, Management and Science University (MSU), Shah Alam 40100, MalaysiaKasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, IndiaAmerican University of Antigua College of Medicine, University Park, Jabberwock Beach Road, Coolidge P.O. Box 1451, Antigua and BarbudaThe exposure to blue and white Light emitting diodes (LED) light leads to damage in the visual system with short-term LED light exposure. Chronic exposure, adaptive responses to light, and self-protective mechanisms against LED light exposures need to be explored, and it would be essential to understand the repercussions of LED radiation on vitreous metabolites. A total of 24 male Wistar rats were used in this study, divided into four groups (<i>n</i> = 6 in each group). Three experimental groups of rats were exposed to either blue, white, or yellow LED light for 90 days (12:12 light-dark cycle routine) with uniform illumination (450–500 lux). Standard lab settings were used to maintain control rats. Vitreous fluids were subjected to untargeted metabolomics analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). PLS-DA analysis indicated significant the separation of m metabolites among groups, suggesting that LED exposure induces metabolic reprogramming in the vitreous. Amino acids and their modifications showed significant alterations among groups which included D-alanine, D-serine (<i>p</i> < 0.05), lysine (<i>p</i> < 0.001), aspartate (<i>p</i> = 0.0068), glutathione (<i>p</i> = 0.0263), taurine (<i>p</i> = 0.007), and hypotaurine. In chronic light exposure, the self-protective or reworking system could be depleted, which may decrease the ability to compensate for the defending mechanism. This might fail to maintain the metabolomic structural integrity of the vitreous metabolites.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/1/81vitreousLEDamino acidsmetabolitesvisual systemchronic light |
| spellingShingle | Nagarajan Theruveethi Manjunath B. Joshi Judith S. Jathanna Manna Valiathan Shama Prasada Kabekkodu Manasa Bhandarkar R. Huban Thomas Rajesh Thangarajan Shailaja S. Bhat Sudarshan Surendran Effect of Light Emitting Diodes (LED) Exposure on Vitreous Metabolites-Rodent Study Metabolites vitreous LED amino acids metabolites visual system chronic light |
| title | Effect of Light Emitting Diodes (LED) Exposure on Vitreous Metabolites-Rodent Study |
| title_full | Effect of Light Emitting Diodes (LED) Exposure on Vitreous Metabolites-Rodent Study |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Light Emitting Diodes (LED) Exposure on Vitreous Metabolites-Rodent Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Light Emitting Diodes (LED) Exposure on Vitreous Metabolites-Rodent Study |
| title_short | Effect of Light Emitting Diodes (LED) Exposure on Vitreous Metabolites-Rodent Study |
| title_sort | effect of light emitting diodes led exposure on vitreous metabolites rodent study |
| topic | vitreous LED amino acids metabolites visual system chronic light |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/1/81 |
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