Likelihood of COVID-19 reinfection in an urban community cohort in Massachusetts
Background: Understanding the association of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection with subsequent reinfection has public health relevance. Objective: To explore COVID-19 severity and SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection rates. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Boston, Massachusetts, during the firs...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Dialogues in Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772653322000570 |
| _version_ | 1811202171909177344 |
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| author | Sharon M. Casey Aaron Legler Amresh D. Hanchate Rebecca B. Perkins |
| author_facet | Sharon M. Casey Aaron Legler Amresh D. Hanchate Rebecca B. Perkins |
| author_sort | Sharon M. Casey |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Understanding the association of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection with subsequent reinfection has public health relevance. Objective: To explore COVID-19 severity and SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection rates. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Boston, Massachusetts, during the first COVID-19 surge (01/01/2020–05/31/2020; Period-1) and after the first surge (06/01/2020–02/28/2021; Period-2); Period-2 included the second surge (11/01/2020–02/28/2021). Participants: Patients in an academic medical center and six community health centers who received a clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 between 01/01/2020 and 05/31/2020 or SARS-CoV-2 testing between 01/01/2020 and 02/28/2021. Measurements: COVID-19 severity was compared between Period-1 and Period-2. Poisson regression models adjusted for demographic variables, medical comorbidities, and census tract were used to assess reinfection risk among patients with COVID-19 diagnoses or SARS-CoV-2 testing during Period-1 and additional SARS-CoV-2 testing during Period-2. Results: Among 142,047 individuals receiving SARS-CoV-2 testing or clinical diagnoses during the study period, 15.8% were infected. Among COVID-19 patients, 22.5% visited the emergency department, 13% were hospitalized, and 4% received critical care. Healthcare utilization was higher during Period-1 than Period-2 (22.9% vs. 18.9% emergency department use, 14.7% vs. 9.9% hospitalization, 5.5% vs. 2.5% critical care; p < 0.001). Reinfection was assessed among 8961 patients with a SARS-CoV-2 test or COVID-19 diagnosis in Period-1 who underwent additional testing in Period-2. A total of 2.7% (n = 65/2431) with SARS-CoV-2 in Period-1 tested positive in Period-2, compared with 12.6% (n = 821/6530) of those who initially tested negative (IRR of reinfection = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.15–0.25). Conclusions: Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection among this observational cohort was associated with an 81% lower reinfection rate. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T02:34:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-881cacc0942b4c5f88f0a10a257fc79b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2772-6533 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T02:34:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Dialogues in Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-881cacc0942b4c5f88f0a10a257fc79b2022-12-22T03:51:37ZengElsevierDialogues in Health2772-65332022-12-011100057Likelihood of COVID-19 reinfection in an urban community cohort in MassachusettsSharon M. Casey0Aaron Legler1Amresh D. Hanchate2Rebecca B. Perkins3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of AmericaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of AmericaDepartment of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of AmericaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Corresponding author at: 85 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, United States of America.Background: Understanding the association of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection with subsequent reinfection has public health relevance. Objective: To explore COVID-19 severity and SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection rates. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Boston, Massachusetts, during the first COVID-19 surge (01/01/2020–05/31/2020; Period-1) and after the first surge (06/01/2020–02/28/2021; Period-2); Period-2 included the second surge (11/01/2020–02/28/2021). Participants: Patients in an academic medical center and six community health centers who received a clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 between 01/01/2020 and 05/31/2020 or SARS-CoV-2 testing between 01/01/2020 and 02/28/2021. Measurements: COVID-19 severity was compared between Period-1 and Period-2. Poisson regression models adjusted for demographic variables, medical comorbidities, and census tract were used to assess reinfection risk among patients with COVID-19 diagnoses or SARS-CoV-2 testing during Period-1 and additional SARS-CoV-2 testing during Period-2. Results: Among 142,047 individuals receiving SARS-CoV-2 testing or clinical diagnoses during the study period, 15.8% were infected. Among COVID-19 patients, 22.5% visited the emergency department, 13% were hospitalized, and 4% received critical care. Healthcare utilization was higher during Period-1 than Period-2 (22.9% vs. 18.9% emergency department use, 14.7% vs. 9.9% hospitalization, 5.5% vs. 2.5% critical care; p < 0.001). Reinfection was assessed among 8961 patients with a SARS-CoV-2 test or COVID-19 diagnosis in Period-1 who underwent additional testing in Period-2. A total of 2.7% (n = 65/2431) with SARS-CoV-2 in Period-1 tested positive in Period-2, compared with 12.6% (n = 821/6530) of those who initially tested negative (IRR of reinfection = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.15–0.25). Conclusions: Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection among this observational cohort was associated with an 81% lower reinfection rate.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772653322000570COVID-19SARS-CoV-2ReinfectionImmunityHealthcare utilization |
| spellingShingle | Sharon M. Casey Aaron Legler Amresh D. Hanchate Rebecca B. Perkins Likelihood of COVID-19 reinfection in an urban community cohort in Massachusetts Dialogues in Health COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection Immunity Healthcare utilization |
| title | Likelihood of COVID-19 reinfection in an urban community cohort in Massachusetts |
| title_full | Likelihood of COVID-19 reinfection in an urban community cohort in Massachusetts |
| title_fullStr | Likelihood of COVID-19 reinfection in an urban community cohort in Massachusetts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Likelihood of COVID-19 reinfection in an urban community cohort in Massachusetts |
| title_short | Likelihood of COVID-19 reinfection in an urban community cohort in Massachusetts |
| title_sort | likelihood of covid 19 reinfection in an urban community cohort in massachusetts |
| topic | COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection Immunity Healthcare utilization |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772653322000570 |
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