The Role of Macrophages in the Host’s Defense against <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i>
The role of immune cells associated with sporotrichosis caused by <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> is not yet fully clarified. Macrophages through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of <i>Sporothrix</i>, engulf it, act...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/7/905 |
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| author | Estela Ruiz-Baca Armando Pérez-Torres Yolanda Romo-Lozano Daniel Cervantes-García Carlos A. Alba-Fierro Javier Ventura-Juárez Conchita Torriello |
| author_facet | Estela Ruiz-Baca Armando Pérez-Torres Yolanda Romo-Lozano Daniel Cervantes-García Carlos A. Alba-Fierro Javier Ventura-Juárez Conchita Torriello |
| author_sort | Estela Ruiz-Baca |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The role of immune cells associated with sporotrichosis caused by <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> is not yet fully clarified. Macrophages through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of <i>Sporothrix</i>, engulf it, activate respiratory burst, and secrete pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory biological mediators to control infection. It is important to consider that the characteristics associated with <i>S. schenckii</i> and/or the host may influence macrophage polarization (M1/M2), cell recruitment, and the type of immune response (1, 2, and 17). Currently, with the use of new monocyte-macrophage cell lines, it is possible to evaluate different host–pathogen interaction processes, which allows for the proposal of new mechanisms in human sporotrichosis. Therefore, in order to contribute to the understanding of these host–pathogen interactions, the aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the immune responses induced by macrophage-<i>S. schenckii</i> interactions, as well as the PRRs and PAMPs involved during the recognition of <i>S. schenckii</i> that favor the immune evasion by the fungus. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:28:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-88221f4bceea4816bb6deff82d3a64e5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:28:54Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-88221f4bceea4816bb6deff82d3a64e52023-11-22T04:39:19ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172021-07-0110790510.3390/pathogens10070905The Role of Macrophages in the Host’s Defense against <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i>Estela Ruiz-Baca0Armando Pérez-Torres1Yolanda Romo-Lozano2Daniel Cervantes-García3Carlos A. Alba-Fierro4Javier Ventura-Juárez5Conchita Torriello6Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Veterinaria S/N, Durango 34120, MexicoFacultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, MexicoCentro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad No. 940, Aguascalientes 20100, MexicoCentro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad No. 940, Aguascalientes 20100, MexicoFacultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Veterinaria S/N, Durango 34120, MexicoCentro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad No. 940, Aguascalientes 20100, MexicoFacultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, MexicoThe role of immune cells associated with sporotrichosis caused by <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> is not yet fully clarified. Macrophages through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of <i>Sporothrix</i>, engulf it, activate respiratory burst, and secrete pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory biological mediators to control infection. It is important to consider that the characteristics associated with <i>S. schenckii</i> and/or the host may influence macrophage polarization (M1/M2), cell recruitment, and the type of immune response (1, 2, and 17). Currently, with the use of new monocyte-macrophage cell lines, it is possible to evaluate different host–pathogen interaction processes, which allows for the proposal of new mechanisms in human sporotrichosis. Therefore, in order to contribute to the understanding of these host–pathogen interactions, the aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the immune responses induced by macrophage-<i>S. schenckii</i> interactions, as well as the PRRs and PAMPs involved during the recognition of <i>S. schenckii</i> that favor the immune evasion by the fungus.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/7/905sporotrichosisphagocytosisimmune responsevirulence factorsdermal resident macrophages |
| spellingShingle | Estela Ruiz-Baca Armando Pérez-Torres Yolanda Romo-Lozano Daniel Cervantes-García Carlos A. Alba-Fierro Javier Ventura-Juárez Conchita Torriello The Role of Macrophages in the Host’s Defense against <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> Pathogens sporotrichosis phagocytosis immune response virulence factors dermal resident macrophages |
| title | The Role of Macrophages in the Host’s Defense against <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> |
| title_full | The Role of Macrophages in the Host’s Defense against <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Macrophages in the Host’s Defense against <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Macrophages in the Host’s Defense against <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> |
| title_short | The Role of Macrophages in the Host’s Defense against <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> |
| title_sort | role of macrophages in the host s defense against i sporothrix schenckii i |
| topic | sporotrichosis phagocytosis immune response virulence factors dermal resident macrophages |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/7/905 |
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