Assessment of the Preventive Effect of L-carnitine on Post-statin Muscle Damage in a Zebrafish Model
Statins, such as lovastatin, are lipid-lowering drugs (LLDs) that have been used to treat hypercholesterolaemia, defined as abnormally elevated cholesterol levels in the patient’s blood. Although statins are considered relatively safe and well tolerated, recipients may suffer from adverse effects, i...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/8/1297 |
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| author | Joanna Niedbalska-Tarnowska Katarzyna Ochenkowska Marta Migocka-Patrzałek Magda Dubińska-Magiera |
| author_facet | Joanna Niedbalska-Tarnowska Katarzyna Ochenkowska Marta Migocka-Patrzałek Magda Dubińska-Magiera |
| author_sort | Joanna Niedbalska-Tarnowska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Statins, such as lovastatin, are lipid-lowering drugs (LLDs) that have been used to treat hypercholesterolaemia, defined as abnormally elevated cholesterol levels in the patient’s blood. Although statins are considered relatively safe and well tolerated, recipients may suffer from adverse effects, including post-statin myopathies. Many studies have shown that supplementation with various compounds may be beneficial for the prevention or treatment of side effects in patients undergoing statin therapy. In our study, we investigated whether L-carnitine administered to zebrafish larvae treated with lovastatin alleviates post-statin muscle damage. We found that exposure of zebrafish larvae to lovastatin caused skeletal muscle disruption observed as a reduction of birefringence, changes in muscle ultrastructure, and an increase in atrogin-1. Lovastatin also affected heart performance and swimming behaviour of larvae. Our data indicated that the muscle-protective effect of L-carnitine is partial. Some observed myotoxic effects, such as disruption of skeletal muscle and increase in atrogin-1 expression, heart contraction could be rescued by the addition of L-carnitine. Others, such as slowed heart rate and reduced locomotion, could not be mitigated by L-carnitine supplementation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:02:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-882b30300ff64660825caa9456609508 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:02:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-882b30300ff64660825caa94566095082023-12-01T01:13:44ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092022-04-01118129710.3390/cells11081297Assessment of the Preventive Effect of L-carnitine on Post-statin Muscle Damage in a Zebrafish ModelJoanna Niedbalska-Tarnowska0Katarzyna Ochenkowska1Marta Migocka-Patrzałek2Magda Dubińska-Magiera3Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, The Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Animal Developmental Biology, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Animal Developmental Biology, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Animal Developmental Biology, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wroclaw, PolandStatins, such as lovastatin, are lipid-lowering drugs (LLDs) that have been used to treat hypercholesterolaemia, defined as abnormally elevated cholesterol levels in the patient’s blood. Although statins are considered relatively safe and well tolerated, recipients may suffer from adverse effects, including post-statin myopathies. Many studies have shown that supplementation with various compounds may be beneficial for the prevention or treatment of side effects in patients undergoing statin therapy. In our study, we investigated whether L-carnitine administered to zebrafish larvae treated with lovastatin alleviates post-statin muscle damage. We found that exposure of zebrafish larvae to lovastatin caused skeletal muscle disruption observed as a reduction of birefringence, changes in muscle ultrastructure, and an increase in atrogin-1. Lovastatin also affected heart performance and swimming behaviour of larvae. Our data indicated that the muscle-protective effect of L-carnitine is partial. Some observed myotoxic effects, such as disruption of skeletal muscle and increase in atrogin-1 expression, heart contraction could be rescued by the addition of L-carnitine. Others, such as slowed heart rate and reduced locomotion, could not be mitigated by L-carnitine supplementation.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/8/1297lovastatinL-carnitine<i>Danio rerio</i>zebrafishskeletal musclecardiac muscle |
| spellingShingle | Joanna Niedbalska-Tarnowska Katarzyna Ochenkowska Marta Migocka-Patrzałek Magda Dubińska-Magiera Assessment of the Preventive Effect of L-carnitine on Post-statin Muscle Damage in a Zebrafish Model Cells lovastatin L-carnitine <i>Danio rerio</i> zebrafish skeletal muscle cardiac muscle |
| title | Assessment of the Preventive Effect of L-carnitine on Post-statin Muscle Damage in a Zebrafish Model |
| title_full | Assessment of the Preventive Effect of L-carnitine on Post-statin Muscle Damage in a Zebrafish Model |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of the Preventive Effect of L-carnitine on Post-statin Muscle Damage in a Zebrafish Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of the Preventive Effect of L-carnitine on Post-statin Muscle Damage in a Zebrafish Model |
| title_short | Assessment of the Preventive Effect of L-carnitine on Post-statin Muscle Damage in a Zebrafish Model |
| title_sort | assessment of the preventive effect of l carnitine on post statin muscle damage in a zebrafish model |
| topic | lovastatin L-carnitine <i>Danio rerio</i> zebrafish skeletal muscle cardiac muscle |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/8/1297 |
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