The Mid-infrared Molecular Inventory toward Orion IRc2
We present the first high spectral resolution mid-infrared survey in the Orion BN/KL region, covering 7.2–28.3 μ m. With SOFIA/EXES, we target the enigmatic source Orion IRc2. While this is in the most prolifically studied massive star-forming region, longer wavelengths and molecular emission lines...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca6e8 |
| _version_ | 1797292557738180608 |
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| author | Sarah Nickerson Naseem Rangwala Sean W. J. Colgan Curtis DeWitt Jose S. Monzon Xinchuan Huang Kinsuk Acharyya Maria N. Drozdovskaya Ryan C. Fortenberry Eric Herbst Timothy J. Lee |
| author_facet | Sarah Nickerson Naseem Rangwala Sean W. J. Colgan Curtis DeWitt Jose S. Monzon Xinchuan Huang Kinsuk Acharyya Maria N. Drozdovskaya Ryan C. Fortenberry Eric Herbst Timothy J. Lee |
| author_sort | Sarah Nickerson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present the first high spectral resolution mid-infrared survey in the Orion BN/KL region, covering 7.2–28.3 μ m. With SOFIA/EXES, we target the enigmatic source Orion IRc2. While this is in the most prolifically studied massive star-forming region, longer wavelengths and molecular emission lines dominated previous spectral surveys. The mid-infrared observations in this work access different components and molecular species in unprecedented detail. We unambiguously identify two new kinematic components, both chemically rich with multiple molecular absorption lines. The “blue clump” has v _LSR = −7.1 ± 0.7 km s ^−1 , and the “red clump” has 1.4 ± 0.5 km s ^−1 . While the blue and red clumps have similar temperatures and line widths, molecular species in the blue clump have higher column densities. They are both likely linked to pure rotational H _2 emission also covered by this survey. This work provides evidence for the scenario that the blue and red clumps are distinct components unrelated to the classic components in the Orion BN/KL region. Comparison to spectroscopic surveys toward other infrared targets in the region show that the blue clump is clearly extended. We analyze, compare, and present in-depth findings on the physical conditions of C _2 H _2 , ^13 CCH _2 , CH _4 , CS, H _2 O, HCN, ${{\rm{H}}}^{13}\mathrm{CN}$ , HNC, NH _3 , and SO _2 absorption lines and an H _2 emission line associated with the blue and red clumps. We also provide limited analysis of H _2 O and SiO molecular emission lines toward Orion IRc2 and the atomic forbidden transitions [Fe ii ], [S i ], [S iii ], and [Ne ii ]. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T19:58:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-882d3f3d354a4a5e8a793ddd40bc2c60 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T19:58:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-882d3f3d354a4a5e8a793ddd40bc2c602024-02-28T13:07:32ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-0194512610.3847/1538-4357/aca6e8The Mid-infrared Molecular Inventory toward Orion IRc2Sarah Nickerson0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7489-3142Naseem Rangwala1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9920-7391Sean W. J. Colgan2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6275-7437Curtis DeWitt3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6528-3836Jose S. Monzon4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9986-4604Xinchuan Huang5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2458-5050Kinsuk Acharyya6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0603-8777Maria N. Drozdovskaya7https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7479-4948Ryan C. Fortenberry8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4716-8225Eric Herbst9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4649-2536Timothy J. Lee10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2598-2237Space Science and Astrobiology Division , NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035 USA ; sarah.nickerson@nasa.gov; Bay Area Environmental Research Institute , Moffett Field, CA 94035, USAScience Directorate, NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, CA 94035 USASpace Science and Astrobiology Division , NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035 USA ; sarah.nickerson@nasa.govUSRA, SOFIA, NASA Ames Research Center MS 232-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USADepartment of Astronomy, Yale University , P.O. Box 208101, New Haven, CT 06520-8101, USASpace Science and Astrobiology Division , NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035 USA ; sarah.nickerson@nasa.gov; SETI Institute , 339 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043 USAPlanetary Science Division , Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, 380009, IndiaCenter for Space and Habitability, University of Bern , Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, SwitzerlandDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi , MS 38677 USADepartments of Chemistry and Astronomy, University of Virginia , McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USASpace Science and Astrobiology Division , NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035 USA ; sarah.nickerson@nasa.govWe present the first high spectral resolution mid-infrared survey in the Orion BN/KL region, covering 7.2–28.3 μ m. With SOFIA/EXES, we target the enigmatic source Orion IRc2. While this is in the most prolifically studied massive star-forming region, longer wavelengths and molecular emission lines dominated previous spectral surveys. The mid-infrared observations in this work access different components and molecular species in unprecedented detail. We unambiguously identify two new kinematic components, both chemically rich with multiple molecular absorption lines. The “blue clump” has v _LSR = −7.1 ± 0.7 km s ^−1 , and the “red clump” has 1.4 ± 0.5 km s ^−1 . While the blue and red clumps have similar temperatures and line widths, molecular species in the blue clump have higher column densities. They are both likely linked to pure rotational H _2 emission also covered by this survey. This work provides evidence for the scenario that the blue and red clumps are distinct components unrelated to the classic components in the Orion BN/KL region. Comparison to spectroscopic surveys toward other infrared targets in the region show that the blue clump is clearly extended. We analyze, compare, and present in-depth findings on the physical conditions of C _2 H _2 , ^13 CCH _2 , CH _4 , CS, H _2 O, HCN, ${{\rm{H}}}^{13}\mathrm{CN}$ , HNC, NH _3 , and SO _2 absorption lines and an H _2 emission line associated with the blue and red clumps. We also provide limited analysis of H _2 O and SiO molecular emission lines toward Orion IRc2 and the atomic forbidden transitions [Fe ii ], [S i ], [S iii ], and [Ne ii ].https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca6e8Infrared astronomyInterstellar mediumMolecular spectroscopySpectral line identificationMolecular physicsAstrochemistry |
| spellingShingle | Sarah Nickerson Naseem Rangwala Sean W. J. Colgan Curtis DeWitt Jose S. Monzon Xinchuan Huang Kinsuk Acharyya Maria N. Drozdovskaya Ryan C. Fortenberry Eric Herbst Timothy J. Lee The Mid-infrared Molecular Inventory toward Orion IRc2 The Astrophysical Journal Infrared astronomy Interstellar medium Molecular spectroscopy Spectral line identification Molecular physics Astrochemistry |
| title | The Mid-infrared Molecular Inventory toward Orion IRc2 |
| title_full | The Mid-infrared Molecular Inventory toward Orion IRc2 |
| title_fullStr | The Mid-infrared Molecular Inventory toward Orion IRc2 |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Mid-infrared Molecular Inventory toward Orion IRc2 |
| title_short | The Mid-infrared Molecular Inventory toward Orion IRc2 |
| title_sort | mid infrared molecular inventory toward orion irc2 |
| topic | Infrared astronomy Interstellar medium Molecular spectroscopy Spectral line identification Molecular physics Astrochemistry |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca6e8 |
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