Risk of Developing Epilepsy after Autoimmune Encephalitis
Background: Acute symptomatic seizures (ASS) are a common manifestation of autoimmune encephalitis (AE), but the risk of developing epilepsy as a sequela of AE remains unknown, and factors predisposing the development of epilepsy have not been fully identified. Objective: To assess the risk of devel...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Brain Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/9/1182 |
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| author | Ariadna Gifreu Mercè Falip Jacint Sala-Padró Neus Mongay Francisco Morandeira Ángels Camins Pablo Naval-Baudin Misericordia Veciana Montserrat Fernández Jordi Pedro Belia Garcia Pablo Arroyo Marta Simó |
| author_facet | Ariadna Gifreu Mercè Falip Jacint Sala-Padró Neus Mongay Francisco Morandeira Ángels Camins Pablo Naval-Baudin Misericordia Veciana Montserrat Fernández Jordi Pedro Belia Garcia Pablo Arroyo Marta Simó |
| author_sort | Ariadna Gifreu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Acute symptomatic seizures (ASS) are a common manifestation of autoimmune encephalitis (AE), but the risk of developing epilepsy as a sequela of AE remains unknown, and factors predisposing the development of epilepsy have not been fully identified. Objective: To assess the risk of developing epilepsy in AE and study related risk factors. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective single centre study including patients diagnosed with AE according to criteria described by Graus et al., with a minimum follow-up of 12 months after AE resolution. The sample was divided according to whether patients developed epilepsy or not. Results: A total of 19 patients were included; 3 (15.8%) had AE with intracellular antibodies, 9 (47.4%) with extracellular antibodies, and 7 (36.8%) were seronegative. During follow-up, 3 patients (15.8%) died, 4 (21.1%) presented relapses of AE, and 11 (57.89%) developed epilepsy. There was a significant association between the development of epilepsy and the presence of hippocampal atrophy in control brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (<i>p</i> = 0.037), interictal epileptiform discharges (IED) on control electroencephalogram (EEG) (<i>p</i> = 0.045), and immunotherapy delay (<i>p</i> = 0.016). Conclusions: Hippocampal atrophy in neuroimaging, IED on EEG during follow-up, and immunotherapy delay could be predictors of the development of epilepsy in patients with AE. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:51:25Z |
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| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:51:25Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-883041e8c2b94453ab141976155dc85c2023-11-22T12:14:19ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252021-09-01119118210.3390/brainsci11091182Risk of Developing Epilepsy after Autoimmune EncephalitisAriadna Gifreu0Mercè Falip1Jacint Sala-Padró2Neus Mongay3Francisco Morandeira4Ángels Camins5Pablo Naval-Baudin6Misericordia Veciana7Montserrat Fernández8Jordi Pedro9Belia Garcia10Pablo Arroyo11Marta Simó12Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, SpainEpilepsy Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, SpainEpilepsy Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, SpainNeurology Ward Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, SpainLaboratory Service, Immunology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, SpainMRI Unit, IDI (Institute of Image Diagnosis), Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, SpainMRI Unit, IDI (Institute of Image Diagnosis), Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, SpainNeurophysiology Department, Neurology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, SpainMRI Unit, IDI (Institute of Image Diagnosis), Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, SpainNeurophysiology Department, Neurology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, SpainNeurophysiology Department, Neurology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, SpainNeurology Ward Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, SpainNeuro-Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-ICO L’Hospitalet (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, SpainBackground: Acute symptomatic seizures (ASS) are a common manifestation of autoimmune encephalitis (AE), but the risk of developing epilepsy as a sequela of AE remains unknown, and factors predisposing the development of epilepsy have not been fully identified. Objective: To assess the risk of developing epilepsy in AE and study related risk factors. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective single centre study including patients diagnosed with AE according to criteria described by Graus et al., with a minimum follow-up of 12 months after AE resolution. The sample was divided according to whether patients developed epilepsy or not. Results: A total of 19 patients were included; 3 (15.8%) had AE with intracellular antibodies, 9 (47.4%) with extracellular antibodies, and 7 (36.8%) were seronegative. During follow-up, 3 patients (15.8%) died, 4 (21.1%) presented relapses of AE, and 11 (57.89%) developed epilepsy. There was a significant association between the development of epilepsy and the presence of hippocampal atrophy in control brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (<i>p</i> = 0.037), interictal epileptiform discharges (IED) on control electroencephalogram (EEG) (<i>p</i> = 0.045), and immunotherapy delay (<i>p</i> = 0.016). Conclusions: Hippocampal atrophy in neuroimaging, IED on EEG during follow-up, and immunotherapy delay could be predictors of the development of epilepsy in patients with AE.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/9/1182autoimmune encephalitisautoimmune-related epilepsyacute symptomatic seizuresacute symptomatic seizures related to autoimmune encephalitishippocampal atrophyimmunotherapy |
| spellingShingle | Ariadna Gifreu Mercè Falip Jacint Sala-Padró Neus Mongay Francisco Morandeira Ángels Camins Pablo Naval-Baudin Misericordia Veciana Montserrat Fernández Jordi Pedro Belia Garcia Pablo Arroyo Marta Simó Risk of Developing Epilepsy after Autoimmune Encephalitis Brain Sciences autoimmune encephalitis autoimmune-related epilepsy acute symptomatic seizures acute symptomatic seizures related to autoimmune encephalitis hippocampal atrophy immunotherapy |
| title | Risk of Developing Epilepsy after Autoimmune Encephalitis |
| title_full | Risk of Developing Epilepsy after Autoimmune Encephalitis |
| title_fullStr | Risk of Developing Epilepsy after Autoimmune Encephalitis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk of Developing Epilepsy after Autoimmune Encephalitis |
| title_short | Risk of Developing Epilepsy after Autoimmune Encephalitis |
| title_sort | risk of developing epilepsy after autoimmune encephalitis |
| topic | autoimmune encephalitis autoimmune-related epilepsy acute symptomatic seizures acute symptomatic seizures related to autoimmune encephalitis hippocampal atrophy immunotherapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/9/1182 |
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