Regulation of Placental Development and Its Impact on Fetal Growth—New Insights From Mouse Models
The placenta is the chief regulator of nutrient supply to the growing embryo during gestation. As such, adequate placental function is instrumental for developmental progression throughout intrauterine development. One of the most common complications during pregnancy is insufficient growth of the f...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2018.00570/full |
| _version_ | 1818189246533468160 |
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| author | Laura Woods Laura Woods Vicente Perez-Garcia Vicente Perez-Garcia Myriam Hemberger Myriam Hemberger |
| author_facet | Laura Woods Laura Woods Vicente Perez-Garcia Vicente Perez-Garcia Myriam Hemberger Myriam Hemberger |
| author_sort | Laura Woods |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The placenta is the chief regulator of nutrient supply to the growing embryo during gestation. As such, adequate placental function is instrumental for developmental progression throughout intrauterine development. One of the most common complications during pregnancy is insufficient growth of the fetus, a problem termed intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) that is most frequently rooted in a malfunctional placenta. Together with conventional gene targeting approaches, recent advances in screening mouse mutants for placental defects, combined with the ability to rapidly induce mutations in vitro and in vivo by CRISPR-Cas9 technology, has provided new insights into the contribution of the genome to normal placental development. Most importantly, these data have demonstrated that far more genes are required for normal placentation than previously appreciated. Here, we provide a summary of common types of placental defects in established mouse mutants, which will help us gain a better understanding of the genes impacting on human placentation. Based on a recent mouse mutant screen, we then provide examples on how these data can be mined to identify novel molecular hubs that may be critical for placental development. Given the close association between placental defects and abnormal cardiovascular and brain development, these functional nodes may also shed light onto the etiology of birth defects that co-occur with placental malformations. Taken together, recent insights into the regulation of mouse placental development have opened up new avenues for research that will promote the study of human pregnancy conditions, notably those based on defects in placentation that underlie the most common pregnancy pathologies such as IUGR and pre-eclampsia. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T23:39:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-88393b1ecf0141dcb3ba756cb95d540b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T23:39:46Z |
| publishDate | 2018-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj.art-88393b1ecf0141dcb3ba756cb95d540b2022-12-22T00:45:46ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922018-09-01910.3389/fendo.2018.00570416241Regulation of Placental Development and Its Impact on Fetal Growth—New Insights From Mouse ModelsLaura Woods0Laura Woods1Vicente Perez-Garcia2Vicente Perez-Garcia3Myriam Hemberger4Myriam Hemberger5Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United KingdomCentre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United KingdomEpigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United KingdomCentre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United KingdomEpigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United KingdomCentre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United KingdomThe placenta is the chief regulator of nutrient supply to the growing embryo during gestation. As such, adequate placental function is instrumental for developmental progression throughout intrauterine development. One of the most common complications during pregnancy is insufficient growth of the fetus, a problem termed intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) that is most frequently rooted in a malfunctional placenta. Together with conventional gene targeting approaches, recent advances in screening mouse mutants for placental defects, combined with the ability to rapidly induce mutations in vitro and in vivo by CRISPR-Cas9 technology, has provided new insights into the contribution of the genome to normal placental development. Most importantly, these data have demonstrated that far more genes are required for normal placentation than previously appreciated. Here, we provide a summary of common types of placental defects in established mouse mutants, which will help us gain a better understanding of the genes impacting on human placentation. Based on a recent mouse mutant screen, we then provide examples on how these data can be mined to identify novel molecular hubs that may be critical for placental development. Given the close association between placental defects and abnormal cardiovascular and brain development, these functional nodes may also shed light onto the etiology of birth defects that co-occur with placental malformations. Taken together, recent insights into the regulation of mouse placental development have opened up new avenues for research that will promote the study of human pregnancy conditions, notably those based on defects in placentation that underlie the most common pregnancy pathologies such as IUGR and pre-eclampsia.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2018.00570/fullplacentatrophoblastmouse modelsIUGRfetal growth restrictionDMDD |
| spellingShingle | Laura Woods Laura Woods Vicente Perez-Garcia Vicente Perez-Garcia Myriam Hemberger Myriam Hemberger Regulation of Placental Development and Its Impact on Fetal Growth—New Insights From Mouse Models Frontiers in Endocrinology placenta trophoblast mouse models IUGR fetal growth restriction DMDD |
| title | Regulation of Placental Development and Its Impact on Fetal Growth—New Insights From Mouse Models |
| title_full | Regulation of Placental Development and Its Impact on Fetal Growth—New Insights From Mouse Models |
| title_fullStr | Regulation of Placental Development and Its Impact on Fetal Growth—New Insights From Mouse Models |
| title_full_unstemmed | Regulation of Placental Development and Its Impact on Fetal Growth—New Insights From Mouse Models |
| title_short | Regulation of Placental Development and Its Impact on Fetal Growth—New Insights From Mouse Models |
| title_sort | regulation of placental development and its impact on fetal growth new insights from mouse models |
| topic | placenta trophoblast mouse models IUGR fetal growth restriction DMDD |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2018.00570/full |
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