Effects of Climatic Conditions and Supplementation with Palm Cake on the Thermoregulation of Crossbred Buffaloes Raised in a Rotational Grazing System and with Natural Shade in Humid Tropical Regions
In ruminants, diet composition has a positive correlation with heat production, which can influence thermoregulation, energy expenditure and, consequently, animal performance. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of climatic conditions and supplementation based on palm kernel cake,...
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| author | Carolina Carvalho Brcko Jamile Andrea Rodrigues da Silva Alexandre Rossetto Garcia André Guimarães Maciel e Silva Lucieta Guerreiro Martorano Reíssa Alves Vilela Benjamim de Souza Nahúm Antônio Vinícius Corrêa Barbosa Welligton Conceição da Silva Thomaz Cyro Guimarães de Carvalho Rodrigues Éder Bruno Rebelo da Silva José de Brito Lourenço-Júnior |
| author_facet | Carolina Carvalho Brcko Jamile Andrea Rodrigues da Silva Alexandre Rossetto Garcia André Guimarães Maciel e Silva Lucieta Guerreiro Martorano Reíssa Alves Vilela Benjamim de Souza Nahúm Antônio Vinícius Corrêa Barbosa Welligton Conceição da Silva Thomaz Cyro Guimarães de Carvalho Rodrigues Éder Bruno Rebelo da Silva José de Brito Lourenço-Júnior |
| author_sort | Carolina Carvalho Brcko |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In ruminants, diet composition has a positive correlation with heat production, which can influence thermoregulation, energy expenditure and, consequently, animal performance. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of climatic conditions and supplementation based on palm kernel cake, on the thermoregulation of crossbred buffaloes in the eastern Amazon. The research was carried out at Embrapa Amazônia Oriental (01°26′ S and 48°24′ W), Belém, Pará, and lasted 12 months (representing the entire year). Twenty-four buffaloes, females, with initial age and an average weight of 54 ± 7 months and 503.1 ± 23 kg, respectively, non-pregnant, non-lactating and clinically healthy were used, divided into four treatments based on the supplementation content of the palm cake (%DM) in relation to their body weight (%): 0, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.0. The animals were kept in paddocks with <i>Brachiaria brizantha</i> (cv. Marandu), in a rotating system, with water to drink and mineral salt ad libitum. Equipment was installed to record environmental data (temperature and relative humidity, dew point temperature, wet bulb and black globe) and physiological data: rectal temperature (RT); respiratory rate (RR); and body surface temperature (BST), recorded twice a day, always in the morning (6:00 a.m. to 7:00 a.m.) and afternoon (12:00 p.m. to 1:00 p.m.) shifts, and were used to calculate the Globe Temperature and Humidity Index (GTHI). Supplementation did not influence the physiological variables of thermoregulation (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, there were differences in the GTHI between the shifts, with higher means in the afternoon shift, especially in the less rainy period of the year, where the GTHI reached 92.06 ± 2.74 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In all periods of the year, the mean values of RT, RR and BST were higher in the afternoon shift (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The respiratory rate (RR) is associated with the annual seasonality of the thermal waters, with higher averages in the afternoons of the rainy season. The positive correlation for rectal temperature, respiratory rate and body surface temperature indicated that buffaloes respond to thermal elevations in the atmosphere (afternoon period) and, consequently, reflect on the GTHI. Supplementation does not influence thermoregulation; the changes observed occurred in response to the region’s thermal and rainfall conditions (mainly in the afternoon shift), with higher GTHI values. |
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| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:12:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-8846494848614150b4cb28f587713ae82024-01-10T14:50:06ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-12-011415310.3390/ani14010053Effects of Climatic Conditions and Supplementation with Palm Cake on the Thermoregulation of Crossbred Buffaloes Raised in a Rotational Grazing System and with Natural Shade in Humid Tropical RegionsCarolina Carvalho Brcko0Jamile Andrea Rodrigues da Silva1Alexandre Rossetto Garcia2André Guimarães Maciel e Silva3Lucieta Guerreiro Martorano4Reíssa Alves Vilela5Benjamim de Souza Nahúm6Antônio Vinícius Corrêa Barbosa7Welligton Conceição da Silva8Thomaz Cyro Guimarães de Carvalho Rodrigues9Éder Bruno Rebelo da Silva10José de Brito Lourenço-Júnior11Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal 68746-360, BrazilInstitute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Belem 66077-830, BrazilBrazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Southeast Livestock, Rod Washington Luiz, São Carlos 13560-970, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal 68746-360, BrazilEmbrapa Eastern Amazon, Belem 66095-903, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal 68746-360, BrazilEmbrapa Eastern Amazon, Belem 66095-903, BrazilInstitute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Belem 66077-830, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal 68746-360, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal 68746-360, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal 68746-360, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal 68746-360, BrazilIn ruminants, diet composition has a positive correlation with heat production, which can influence thermoregulation, energy expenditure and, consequently, animal performance. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of climatic conditions and supplementation based on palm kernel cake, on the thermoregulation of crossbred buffaloes in the eastern Amazon. The research was carried out at Embrapa Amazônia Oriental (01°26′ S and 48°24′ W), Belém, Pará, and lasted 12 months (representing the entire year). Twenty-four buffaloes, females, with initial age and an average weight of 54 ± 7 months and 503.1 ± 23 kg, respectively, non-pregnant, non-lactating and clinically healthy were used, divided into four treatments based on the supplementation content of the palm cake (%DM) in relation to their body weight (%): 0, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.0. The animals were kept in paddocks with <i>Brachiaria brizantha</i> (cv. Marandu), in a rotating system, with water to drink and mineral salt ad libitum. Equipment was installed to record environmental data (temperature and relative humidity, dew point temperature, wet bulb and black globe) and physiological data: rectal temperature (RT); respiratory rate (RR); and body surface temperature (BST), recorded twice a day, always in the morning (6:00 a.m. to 7:00 a.m.) and afternoon (12:00 p.m. to 1:00 p.m.) shifts, and were used to calculate the Globe Temperature and Humidity Index (GTHI). Supplementation did not influence the physiological variables of thermoregulation (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, there were differences in the GTHI between the shifts, with higher means in the afternoon shift, especially in the less rainy period of the year, where the GTHI reached 92.06 ± 2.74 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In all periods of the year, the mean values of RT, RR and BST were higher in the afternoon shift (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The respiratory rate (RR) is associated with the annual seasonality of the thermal waters, with higher averages in the afternoons of the rainy season. The positive correlation for rectal temperature, respiratory rate and body surface temperature indicated that buffaloes respond to thermal elevations in the atmosphere (afternoon period) and, consequently, reflect on the GTHI. Supplementation does not influence thermoregulation; the changes observed occurred in response to the region’s thermal and rainfall conditions (mainly in the afternoon shift), with higher GTHI values.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/1/53animal bioclimatologyequatorial climateco-productheat stresssupplementruminants |
| spellingShingle | Carolina Carvalho Brcko Jamile Andrea Rodrigues da Silva Alexandre Rossetto Garcia André Guimarães Maciel e Silva Lucieta Guerreiro Martorano Reíssa Alves Vilela Benjamim de Souza Nahúm Antônio Vinícius Corrêa Barbosa Welligton Conceição da Silva Thomaz Cyro Guimarães de Carvalho Rodrigues Éder Bruno Rebelo da Silva José de Brito Lourenço-Júnior Effects of Climatic Conditions and Supplementation with Palm Cake on the Thermoregulation of Crossbred Buffaloes Raised in a Rotational Grazing System and with Natural Shade in Humid Tropical Regions Animals animal bioclimatology equatorial climate co-product heat stress supplement ruminants |
| title | Effects of Climatic Conditions and Supplementation with Palm Cake on the Thermoregulation of Crossbred Buffaloes Raised in a Rotational Grazing System and with Natural Shade in Humid Tropical Regions |
| title_full | Effects of Climatic Conditions and Supplementation with Palm Cake on the Thermoregulation of Crossbred Buffaloes Raised in a Rotational Grazing System and with Natural Shade in Humid Tropical Regions |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Climatic Conditions and Supplementation with Palm Cake on the Thermoregulation of Crossbred Buffaloes Raised in a Rotational Grazing System and with Natural Shade in Humid Tropical Regions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Climatic Conditions and Supplementation with Palm Cake on the Thermoregulation of Crossbred Buffaloes Raised in a Rotational Grazing System and with Natural Shade in Humid Tropical Regions |
| title_short | Effects of Climatic Conditions and Supplementation with Palm Cake on the Thermoregulation of Crossbred Buffaloes Raised in a Rotational Grazing System and with Natural Shade in Humid Tropical Regions |
| title_sort | effects of climatic conditions and supplementation with palm cake on the thermoregulation of crossbred buffaloes raised in a rotational grazing system and with natural shade in humid tropical regions |
| topic | animal bioclimatology equatorial climate co-product heat stress supplement ruminants |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/1/53 |
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