Immune-Escape Hepatitis B Virus Mutations Associated with Viral Reactivation upon Immunosuppression
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation occurs as a major complication of immunosuppressive therapy among persons who have recovered from acute hepatitis and those who have controlled chronic infection. Recent literature data emphasize the presence of a high degree of <i>S</i> gene variabil...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-08-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/9/778 |
| _version_ | 1811198886887292928 |
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| author | Ivana Lazarevic Ana Banko Danijela Miljanovic Maja Cupic |
| author_facet | Ivana Lazarevic Ana Banko Danijela Miljanovic Maja Cupic |
| author_sort | Ivana Lazarevic |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation occurs as a major complication of immunosuppressive therapy among persons who have recovered from acute hepatitis and those who have controlled chronic infection. Recent literature data emphasize the presence of a high degree of <i>S</i> gene variability in HBV isolates from patients who developed reactivation. In reactivated HBV, the most frequently detected mutations belong to the second loop of “<i>a</i>” determinant in HBsAg. These mutations were identified to be immune escape and responsible for vaccine- and diagnostic-escape phenomena. Their emergence clearly provides survival in the presence of a developed humoral immune response and is often associated with impaired serological diagnosis of HBV reactivation. The knowledge of their existence and roles can elucidate the process of reactivation and strongly highlights the importance of HBV DNA detection in monitoring all patients with a history of HBV infection who are undergoing immunosuppression. This review discusses the possible influence of the most frequently found immune-escape mutations on HBV reactivation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T01:37:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-885d5d2467e843bda88e24fd0d9ecead |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T01:37:23Z |
| publishDate | 2019-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-885d5d2467e843bda88e24fd0d9ecead2022-12-22T03:53:16ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152019-08-0111977810.3390/v11090778v11090778Immune-Escape Hepatitis B Virus Mutations Associated with Viral Reactivation upon ImmunosuppressionIvana Lazarevic0Ana Banko1Danijela Miljanovic2Maja Cupic3Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaHepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation occurs as a major complication of immunosuppressive therapy among persons who have recovered from acute hepatitis and those who have controlled chronic infection. Recent literature data emphasize the presence of a high degree of <i>S</i> gene variability in HBV isolates from patients who developed reactivation. In reactivated HBV, the most frequently detected mutations belong to the second loop of “<i>a</i>” determinant in HBsAg. These mutations were identified to be immune escape and responsible for vaccine- and diagnostic-escape phenomena. Their emergence clearly provides survival in the presence of a developed humoral immune response and is often associated with impaired serological diagnosis of HBV reactivation. The knowledge of their existence and roles can elucidate the process of reactivation and strongly highlights the importance of HBV DNA detection in monitoring all patients with a history of HBV infection who are undergoing immunosuppression. This review discusses the possible influence of the most frequently found immune-escape mutations on HBV reactivation.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/9/778hepatitis B virusmutationsHBV reactivationimmune escape |
| spellingShingle | Ivana Lazarevic Ana Banko Danijela Miljanovic Maja Cupic Immune-Escape Hepatitis B Virus Mutations Associated with Viral Reactivation upon Immunosuppression Viruses hepatitis B virus mutations HBV reactivation immune escape |
| title | Immune-Escape Hepatitis B Virus Mutations Associated with Viral Reactivation upon Immunosuppression |
| title_full | Immune-Escape Hepatitis B Virus Mutations Associated with Viral Reactivation upon Immunosuppression |
| title_fullStr | Immune-Escape Hepatitis B Virus Mutations Associated with Viral Reactivation upon Immunosuppression |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immune-Escape Hepatitis B Virus Mutations Associated with Viral Reactivation upon Immunosuppression |
| title_short | Immune-Escape Hepatitis B Virus Mutations Associated with Viral Reactivation upon Immunosuppression |
| title_sort | immune escape hepatitis b virus mutations associated with viral reactivation upon immunosuppression |
| topic | hepatitis B virus mutations HBV reactivation immune escape |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/9/778 |
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