SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like Particle Neutralizing Capacity in Blood Donors Depends on Serological Profile and Donor-Declared SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination History
ABSTRACT This study attempted to understand the levels of neutralizing titers and the breadth of antibody protection against wild-type and variant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Canadian blood donors during the first 3 months of 2021. During this period, it is unlike...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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American Society for Microbiology
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Microbiology Spectrum |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.02262-21 |
| _version_ | 1819320057641041920 |
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| author | Steven J. Drews Queenie Hu Reuben Samson Kento T. Abe Bhavisha Rathod Karen Colwill Anne-Claude Gingras Qi-Long Yi Sheila F. O’Brien |
| author_facet | Steven J. Drews Queenie Hu Reuben Samson Kento T. Abe Bhavisha Rathod Karen Colwill Anne-Claude Gingras Qi-Long Yi Sheila F. O’Brien |
| author_sort | Steven J. Drews |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT This study attempted to understand the levels of neutralizing titers and the breadth of antibody protection against wild-type and variant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Canadian blood donors during the first 3 months of 2021. During this period, it is unlikely that many of the blood donors had received a second dose, since vaccine rollout had not yet ramped up, and less than 2% of the Canadian population had received a second dose of vaccine. A repeated cross-sectional design was used. A random cross-sectional sampling of all available Canadian Blood Services retention samples (n = 1,500/month) was drawn monthly for January, February, and March 2021. A tiered testing approach analyzed 4,500 Canadian blood donor specimens for potential evidence of a signal for anti-spike (anti-S), anti-receptor-binding domain (anti-RBD), and anti-nucleocapsid protein (anti-N). Specimens were stratified based on donor-declared vaccination history and then stratified on the presence or absence of anti-N as follows: (i) “vaccinated plus anti-N” (n = 5), (ii) “vaccinated and no anti-N” (n = 20), (iii) “unvaccinated plus anti-N” (n = 20), and (iv) “unvaccinated and no anti-N” (n = 20). Randomized specimens were then characterized for neutralizing capacity against wild-type as well as SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) (Alpha [B.1.1.7], Beta [B.1.351], Gamma [P.1], and Delta [B.1.617.2]) using S-pseudotyped virus-like particle (VLP) neutralization assays. There was no neutralizing capacity against wild-type and VOC VLPs within the “no vaccine and no anti-N” group. Neutralization of Beta VLPs was less than wild-type VLPs within “vaccinated plus anti-N,” “vaccinated and no anti-N”, and “unvaccinated plus anti-N” groups. IMPORTANCE In the first 3 months of 2021 as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination was in the initial stages of a mass rollout, Canadian blood donors had various levels of humoral protection against wild-type and variant of concern (VOC) SARS-CoV-2. Very few Canadians would have received a second dose of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. In this study, we identified elevated levels of neutralizing capacity, albeit with reduced neutralization capacity against one or more SARS-CoV-2 strains (wild type and VOCs) in vaccinated blood donors. This broad neutralizing response we present regardless of evidence of natural SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neutralizing capacity against wild type and VOCs varied significantly within the unvaccinated group, with one subset of unvaccinated plasma specimens (unvaccinated and no anti-N) having no measurable wild type- nor variant-neutralizing capacity. The study is important because it indicates that vaccination can be associated with a broad neutralizing antibody capacity of donor plasma against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-24T11:13:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-885f664339044a1db4c1365fbed4d19a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2165-0497 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T11:13:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microbiology Spectrum |
| spelling | doaj.art-885f664339044a1db4c1365fbed4d19a2022-12-21T16:58:27ZengAmerican Society for MicrobiologyMicrobiology Spectrum2165-04972022-02-0110110.1128/spectrum.02262-21SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like Particle Neutralizing Capacity in Blood Donors Depends on Serological Profile and Donor-Declared SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination HistorySteven J. Drews0Queenie Hu1Reuben Samson2Kento T. Abe3Bhavisha Rathod4Karen Colwill5Anne-Claude Gingras6Qi-Long Yi7Sheila F. O’Brien8Department of Microbiology, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaLunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaLunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaLunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaLunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaLunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaLunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaEpidemiology and Surveillance, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaEpidemiology and Surveillance, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaABSTRACT This study attempted to understand the levels of neutralizing titers and the breadth of antibody protection against wild-type and variant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Canadian blood donors during the first 3 months of 2021. During this period, it is unlikely that many of the blood donors had received a second dose, since vaccine rollout had not yet ramped up, and less than 2% of the Canadian population had received a second dose of vaccine. A repeated cross-sectional design was used. A random cross-sectional sampling of all available Canadian Blood Services retention samples (n = 1,500/month) was drawn monthly for January, February, and March 2021. A tiered testing approach analyzed 4,500 Canadian blood donor specimens for potential evidence of a signal for anti-spike (anti-S), anti-receptor-binding domain (anti-RBD), and anti-nucleocapsid protein (anti-N). Specimens were stratified based on donor-declared vaccination history and then stratified on the presence or absence of anti-N as follows: (i) “vaccinated plus anti-N” (n = 5), (ii) “vaccinated and no anti-N” (n = 20), (iii) “unvaccinated plus anti-N” (n = 20), and (iv) “unvaccinated and no anti-N” (n = 20). Randomized specimens were then characterized for neutralizing capacity against wild-type as well as SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) (Alpha [B.1.1.7], Beta [B.1.351], Gamma [P.1], and Delta [B.1.617.2]) using S-pseudotyped virus-like particle (VLP) neutralization assays. There was no neutralizing capacity against wild-type and VOC VLPs within the “no vaccine and no anti-N” group. Neutralization of Beta VLPs was less than wild-type VLPs within “vaccinated plus anti-N,” “vaccinated and no anti-N”, and “unvaccinated plus anti-N” groups. IMPORTANCE In the first 3 months of 2021 as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination was in the initial stages of a mass rollout, Canadian blood donors had various levels of humoral protection against wild-type and variant of concern (VOC) SARS-CoV-2. Very few Canadians would have received a second dose of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. In this study, we identified elevated levels of neutralizing capacity, albeit with reduced neutralization capacity against one or more SARS-CoV-2 strains (wild type and VOCs) in vaccinated blood donors. This broad neutralizing response we present regardless of evidence of natural SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neutralizing capacity against wild type and VOCs varied significantly within the unvaccinated group, with one subset of unvaccinated plasma specimens (unvaccinated and no anti-N) having no measurable wild type- nor variant-neutralizing capacity. The study is important because it indicates that vaccination can be associated with a broad neutralizing antibody capacity of donor plasma against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs.https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.02262-21SARS-CoV-2 antibodyneutralizing antibodiesnucleocapsidreceptor-binding domainspikevariants of concern |
| spellingShingle | Steven J. Drews Queenie Hu Reuben Samson Kento T. Abe Bhavisha Rathod Karen Colwill Anne-Claude Gingras Qi-Long Yi Sheila F. O’Brien SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like Particle Neutralizing Capacity in Blood Donors Depends on Serological Profile and Donor-Declared SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination History Microbiology Spectrum SARS-CoV-2 antibody neutralizing antibodies nucleocapsid receptor-binding domain spike variants of concern |
| title | SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like Particle Neutralizing Capacity in Blood Donors Depends on Serological Profile and Donor-Declared SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination History |
| title_full | SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like Particle Neutralizing Capacity in Blood Donors Depends on Serological Profile and Donor-Declared SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination History |
| title_fullStr | SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like Particle Neutralizing Capacity in Blood Donors Depends on Serological Profile and Donor-Declared SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination History |
| title_full_unstemmed | SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like Particle Neutralizing Capacity in Blood Donors Depends on Serological Profile and Donor-Declared SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination History |
| title_short | SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like Particle Neutralizing Capacity in Blood Donors Depends on Serological Profile and Donor-Declared SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination History |
| title_sort | sars cov 2 virus like particle neutralizing capacity in blood donors depends on serological profile and donor declared sars cov 2 vaccination history |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 antibody neutralizing antibodies nucleocapsid receptor-binding domain spike variants of concern |
| url | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.02262-21 |
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