| Summary: | The main active ingredients of the fruiting bodies of <i>Shiraia bambusicola</i> and <i>Rubroshiraia bambusae</i> are Hypocrellins, belonging perylenequinones with potential photodynamic activity against cancer and microbial diseases. However, the strains of <i>S. bambusicola</i> and <i>R. bambusae</i> do not produce hypocrellins in culture, so resource exploitation of natural products was seriously restricted. In this study, a series of novel <i>Shiraia</i>-like fungal endophyte strains, with varying sporulation ability and synthesizing diverse secondary metabolites, was isolated from different bamboos. Based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological characteristics of the endophytes, <i>Pseudoshiraia conidialis</i> gen. et sp. nov. is proposed. The secondary metabolites of different fruiting bodies and strains have been comprehensively analyzed for the first time, finding that the endophytic strains are shown not only to produce hypocrellins, but also other perylenequinonoid compounds. It was noteworthy that the highest yield of total perylenequinone production and hypocrellin A appeared in <i>P. conidialis</i> CNUCC 1353PR (1410.13 mg/L), which was significantly higher than any other wild type <i>P. conidialis</i> strains in published reports. In view of these results, the identification of <i>Shiraia</i>-like endophytes not only confirm the phylogenetic status of similar strains, but will further assist in developing the production of valuable natural products.
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