2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucoside Attenuates Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Inflammation and Apoptosis in <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>-Infected Brain Endothelial Cells
We recently reported that the periodontopathic bacteria <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (<i>P. gingivalis</i>) initiates an inflammatory cascade that disrupts the balance of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in apoptotic cell death in brain endothelial cells. An extrac...
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/4/740 |
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| author | Vichuda Charoensaensuk Yen-Chou Chen Yun-Ho Lin Keng-Liang Ou Liang-Yo Yang Dah-Yuu Lu |
| author_facet | Vichuda Charoensaensuk Yen-Chou Chen Yun-Ho Lin Keng-Liang Ou Liang-Yo Yang Dah-Yuu Lu |
| author_sort | Vichuda Charoensaensuk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We recently reported that the periodontopathic bacteria <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (<i>P. gingivalis</i>) initiates an inflammatory cascade that disrupts the balance of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in apoptotic cell death in brain endothelial cells. An extract from <i>Polygonum multiflorum</i> Thunb., 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucoside (THSG) has been well-reported to diminish the inflammation in many disease models. However, the effects of THSG in the area of the brain–oral axis is unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of THSG in <i>P. gingivalis</i>-stimulated inflammatory response and apoptotic cell death in brain endothelial cells. THSG treatment remarkably lessened the upregulation of IL-1β and TNF-α proteins in bEnd.3 cells infected with <i>P. gingivalis</i>. Treatment of THSG further ameliorated brain endothelial cell death, including apoptosis caused by <i>P. gingivalis</i>. Moreover, the present study showed that the inhibitory effects on NF-κB p65 and antiapoptotic properties of THSG is through inhibiting the ROS pathway. Importantly, the ROS inhibitory potency of THSG is similar to a ROS scavenger <i>N</i>-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) and NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin. Furthermore, the protective effect of THSG from <i>P. gingivalis</i> infection was further confirmed in primary mouse brain endothelial cells. Taken together, this study indicates that THSG attenuates an ROS-dependent inflammatory response and cell apoptosis in <i>P. gingivalis</i>-infected brain endothelial cells. Our results also suggest that THSG could be a potential herbal medicine to prevent the risk of developing cerebrovascular diseases from infection of periodontal bacteria. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:14:07Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:14:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-8867d6a6a6f746dd8a3b04730adec5af2023-12-01T00:36:06ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-04-0111474010.3390/antiox110407402,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucoside Attenuates Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Inflammation and Apoptosis in <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>-Infected Brain Endothelial CellsVichuda Charoensaensuk0Yen-Chou Chen1Yun-Ho Lin2Keng-Liang Ou3Liang-Yo Yang4Dah-Yuu Lu5School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, TaiwanSchool of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan3D Global Biotech Inc., New Taipei City 22175, TaiwanDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, TaiwanDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, TaiwanWe recently reported that the periodontopathic bacteria <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (<i>P. gingivalis</i>) initiates an inflammatory cascade that disrupts the balance of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in apoptotic cell death in brain endothelial cells. An extract from <i>Polygonum multiflorum</i> Thunb., 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucoside (THSG) has been well-reported to diminish the inflammation in many disease models. However, the effects of THSG in the area of the brain–oral axis is unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of THSG in <i>P. gingivalis</i>-stimulated inflammatory response and apoptotic cell death in brain endothelial cells. THSG treatment remarkably lessened the upregulation of IL-1β and TNF-α proteins in bEnd.3 cells infected with <i>P. gingivalis</i>. Treatment of THSG further ameliorated brain endothelial cell death, including apoptosis caused by <i>P. gingivalis</i>. Moreover, the present study showed that the inhibitory effects on NF-κB p65 and antiapoptotic properties of THSG is through inhibiting the ROS pathway. Importantly, the ROS inhibitory potency of THSG is similar to a ROS scavenger <i>N</i>-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) and NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin. Furthermore, the protective effect of THSG from <i>P. gingivalis</i> infection was further confirmed in primary mouse brain endothelial cells. Taken together, this study indicates that THSG attenuates an ROS-dependent inflammatory response and cell apoptosis in <i>P. gingivalis</i>-infected brain endothelial cells. Our results also suggest that THSG could be a potential herbal medicine to prevent the risk of developing cerebrovascular diseases from infection of periodontal bacteria.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/4/7402,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucoside<i>P. gingivalis</i>ROSinflammationbrain endothelial cells |
| spellingShingle | Vichuda Charoensaensuk Yen-Chou Chen Yun-Ho Lin Keng-Liang Ou Liang-Yo Yang Dah-Yuu Lu 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucoside Attenuates Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Inflammation and Apoptosis in <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>-Infected Brain Endothelial Cells Antioxidants 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucoside <i>P. gingivalis</i> ROS inflammation brain endothelial cells |
| title | 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucoside Attenuates Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Inflammation and Apoptosis in <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>-Infected Brain Endothelial Cells |
| title_full | 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucoside Attenuates Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Inflammation and Apoptosis in <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>-Infected Brain Endothelial Cells |
| title_fullStr | 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucoside Attenuates Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Inflammation and Apoptosis in <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>-Infected Brain Endothelial Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucoside Attenuates Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Inflammation and Apoptosis in <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>-Infected Brain Endothelial Cells |
| title_short | 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucoside Attenuates Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Inflammation and Apoptosis in <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>-Infected Brain Endothelial Cells |
| title_sort | 2 3 5 4 tetrahydroxystilbene 2 o β glucoside attenuates reactive oxygen species dependent inflammation and apoptosis in i porphyromonas gingivalis i infected brain endothelial cells |
| topic | 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucoside <i>P. gingivalis</i> ROS inflammation brain endothelial cells |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/4/740 |
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