Assessing the Dermal Penetration Efficacy of Chemical Compounds with the Ex-Vivo Porcine Ear Model
(1) Background: The ex vivo porcine ear model is often used for the determination of the dermal penetration efficacy of chemical compounds. This study investigated the influence of the post-slaughter storage time of porcine ears on the dermal penetration efficacy of chemical compounds. (2) Methods:...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-03-01
|
| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/3/678 |
| _version_ | 1797443504148840448 |
|---|---|
| author | Cornelia M. Keck Ayat Abdelkader Olga Pelikh Sabrina Wiemann Vasudha Kaushik David Specht Ralph W. Eckert Reem M. Alnemari Henriette Dietrich Jana Brüßler |
| author_facet | Cornelia M. Keck Ayat Abdelkader Olga Pelikh Sabrina Wiemann Vasudha Kaushik David Specht Ralph W. Eckert Reem M. Alnemari Henriette Dietrich Jana Brüßler |
| author_sort | Cornelia M. Keck |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Background: The ex vivo porcine ear model is often used for the determination of the dermal penetration efficacy of chemical compounds. This study investigated the influence of the post-slaughter storage time of porcine ears on the dermal penetration efficacy of chemical compounds. (2) Methods: Six different formulations (curcumin and different fluorescent dyes in different vehicles and/or nanocarriers) were tested on ears that were (i) freshly obtained, (ii) stored for 24 or 48 h at 4 °C after slaughter before use and (iii) freshly frozen and defrosted 12 h before use. (3) Results: Results showed that porcine ears undergo post-mortem changes. The changes can be linked to rigor mortis and all other well-described phenomena that occur with carcasses after slaughter. The post-mortem changes modify the skin properties of the ears and affect the penetration efficacy. The onset of rigor mortis causes a decrease in the water-holding capacity of the ears, which leads to reduced penetration of chemical compounds. The water-holding capacity increases once the rigor is released and results in an increased penetration efficacy for chemical compounds. Despite different absolute penetration values, no differences in the ranking of penetration efficacies between the different formulations were observed between the differently aged ears. (4) Conclusions: All different types of ears can be regarded to be suitable for dermal penetration testing of chemical compounds. The transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and/or skin hydration of the ears were not correlated with the ex vivo penetration efficacy because both an impaired skin barrier and rigor mortis cause elevated skin hydration and TEWL values but an opposite penetration efficacy. Other additional values (for example, pH and/or autofluorescence of the skin) should, therefore, be used to select suitable and non-suitable skin areas for ex vivo penetration testing. Finally, data from this study confirmed that smartFilms and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) represent superior formulation strategies for efficient dermal and transdermal delivery of curcumin. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:57:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-886f2a684a7c472b91bec5cfe9e8be61 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:57:59Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-886f2a684a7c472b91bec5cfe9e8be612023-11-30T21:58:22ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232022-03-0114367810.3390/pharmaceutics14030678Assessing the Dermal Penetration Efficacy of Chemical Compounds with the Ex-Vivo Porcine Ear ModelCornelia M. Keck0Ayat Abdelkader1Olga Pelikh2Sabrina Wiemann3Vasudha Kaushik4David Specht5Ralph W. Eckert6Reem M. Alnemari7Henriette Dietrich8Jana Brüßler9Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, GermanyDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, GermanyDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, GermanyDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, GermanyDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, GermanyDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, GermanyDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, GermanyDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, GermanyDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, GermanyDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany(1) Background: The ex vivo porcine ear model is often used for the determination of the dermal penetration efficacy of chemical compounds. This study investigated the influence of the post-slaughter storage time of porcine ears on the dermal penetration efficacy of chemical compounds. (2) Methods: Six different formulations (curcumin and different fluorescent dyes in different vehicles and/or nanocarriers) were tested on ears that were (i) freshly obtained, (ii) stored for 24 or 48 h at 4 °C after slaughter before use and (iii) freshly frozen and defrosted 12 h before use. (3) Results: Results showed that porcine ears undergo post-mortem changes. The changes can be linked to rigor mortis and all other well-described phenomena that occur with carcasses after slaughter. The post-mortem changes modify the skin properties of the ears and affect the penetration efficacy. The onset of rigor mortis causes a decrease in the water-holding capacity of the ears, which leads to reduced penetration of chemical compounds. The water-holding capacity increases once the rigor is released and results in an increased penetration efficacy for chemical compounds. Despite different absolute penetration values, no differences in the ranking of penetration efficacies between the different formulations were observed between the differently aged ears. (4) Conclusions: All different types of ears can be regarded to be suitable for dermal penetration testing of chemical compounds. The transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and/or skin hydration of the ears were not correlated with the ex vivo penetration efficacy because both an impaired skin barrier and rigor mortis cause elevated skin hydration and TEWL values but an opposite penetration efficacy. Other additional values (for example, pH and/or autofluorescence of the skin) should, therefore, be used to select suitable and non-suitable skin areas for ex vivo penetration testing. Finally, data from this study confirmed that smartFilms and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) represent superior formulation strategies for efficient dermal and transdermal delivery of curcumin.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/3/678skindermal penetrationnanocarriernanocrystalssmartFilmsNLC |
| spellingShingle | Cornelia M. Keck Ayat Abdelkader Olga Pelikh Sabrina Wiemann Vasudha Kaushik David Specht Ralph W. Eckert Reem M. Alnemari Henriette Dietrich Jana Brüßler Assessing the Dermal Penetration Efficacy of Chemical Compounds with the Ex-Vivo Porcine Ear Model Pharmaceutics skin dermal penetration nanocarrier nanocrystals smartFilms NLC |
| title | Assessing the Dermal Penetration Efficacy of Chemical Compounds with the Ex-Vivo Porcine Ear Model |
| title_full | Assessing the Dermal Penetration Efficacy of Chemical Compounds with the Ex-Vivo Porcine Ear Model |
| title_fullStr | Assessing the Dermal Penetration Efficacy of Chemical Compounds with the Ex-Vivo Porcine Ear Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing the Dermal Penetration Efficacy of Chemical Compounds with the Ex-Vivo Porcine Ear Model |
| title_short | Assessing the Dermal Penetration Efficacy of Chemical Compounds with the Ex-Vivo Porcine Ear Model |
| title_sort | assessing the dermal penetration efficacy of chemical compounds with the ex vivo porcine ear model |
| topic | skin dermal penetration nanocarrier nanocrystals smartFilms NLC |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/3/678 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT corneliamkeck assessingthedermalpenetrationefficacyofchemicalcompoundswiththeexvivoporcineearmodel AT ayatabdelkader assessingthedermalpenetrationefficacyofchemicalcompoundswiththeexvivoporcineearmodel AT olgapelikh assessingthedermalpenetrationefficacyofchemicalcompoundswiththeexvivoporcineearmodel AT sabrinawiemann assessingthedermalpenetrationefficacyofchemicalcompoundswiththeexvivoporcineearmodel AT vasudhakaushik assessingthedermalpenetrationefficacyofchemicalcompoundswiththeexvivoporcineearmodel AT davidspecht assessingthedermalpenetrationefficacyofchemicalcompoundswiththeexvivoporcineearmodel AT ralphweckert assessingthedermalpenetrationefficacyofchemicalcompoundswiththeexvivoporcineearmodel AT reemmalnemari assessingthedermalpenetrationefficacyofchemicalcompoundswiththeexvivoporcineearmodel AT henriettedietrich assessingthedermalpenetrationefficacyofchemicalcompoundswiththeexvivoporcineearmodel AT janabrußler assessingthedermalpenetrationefficacyofchemicalcompoundswiththeexvivoporcineearmodel |