Cytokine Networks as Targets for Preventing and Controlling Chagas Heart Disease
Chagas disease, a neglected disease caused by the protozoan <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>, is endemic in 21 Latin American countries, affecting 6–8 million people. Increasing numbers of Chagas disease cases have also been reported in non-endemic countries due to migration, contamination via b...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/2/171 |
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| author | Carolina Cattoni Koh Eula G. A. Neves Thaiany Goulart de Souza-Silva Ana Carolina Carvalho Cecília Horta Ramalho Pinto Alexsandro Sobreira Galdino Kenneth J. Gollob Walderez Ornelas Dutra |
| author_facet | Carolina Cattoni Koh Eula G. A. Neves Thaiany Goulart de Souza-Silva Ana Carolina Carvalho Cecília Horta Ramalho Pinto Alexsandro Sobreira Galdino Kenneth J. Gollob Walderez Ornelas Dutra |
| author_sort | Carolina Cattoni Koh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chagas disease, a neglected disease caused by the protozoan <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>, is endemic in 21 Latin American countries, affecting 6–8 million people. Increasing numbers of Chagas disease cases have also been reported in non-endemic countries due to migration, contamination via blood transfusions or organ transplantation, characterizing Chagas as an emerging disease in such regions. While most individuals in the chronic phase of Chagas disease remain in an asymptomatic clinical form named indeterminate, approximately 30% of the patients develop a cardiomyopathy that is amongst the deadliest cardiopathies known. The clinical distinctions between the indeterminate and the cardiac clinical forms are associated with different immune responses mediated by innate and adaptive cells. In this review, we present a collection of studies focusing on the human disease, discussing several aspects that demonstrate the association between chemokines, cytokines, and cytotoxic molecules with the distinct clinical outcomes of human infection with <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>. In addition, we discuss the role of gene polymorphisms in the transcriptional control of these immunoregulatory molecules. Finally, we discuss the potential application of cytokine expression and gene polymorphisms as markers of susceptibility to developing the severe form of Chagas disease, and as targets for disease control. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:19:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8879dd82b0904eddb8381a67145c7059 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:19:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-8879dd82b0904eddb8381a67145c70592023-11-16T22:33:01ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172023-01-0112217110.3390/pathogens12020171Cytokine Networks as Targets for Preventing and Controlling Chagas Heart DiseaseCarolina Cattoni Koh0Eula G. A. Neves1Thaiany Goulart de Souza-Silva2Ana Carolina Carvalho3Cecília Horta Ramalho Pinto4Alexsandro Sobreira Galdino5Kenneth J. Gollob6Walderez Ornelas Dutra7Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, BrazilLaboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, BrazilLaboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, BrazilLaboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, BrazilLaboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, BrazilLaboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste, Divinópolis 35501-296, MG, BrazilHospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, BrazilLaboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, BrazilChagas disease, a neglected disease caused by the protozoan <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>, is endemic in 21 Latin American countries, affecting 6–8 million people. Increasing numbers of Chagas disease cases have also been reported in non-endemic countries due to migration, contamination via blood transfusions or organ transplantation, characterizing Chagas as an emerging disease in such regions. While most individuals in the chronic phase of Chagas disease remain in an asymptomatic clinical form named indeterminate, approximately 30% of the patients develop a cardiomyopathy that is amongst the deadliest cardiopathies known. The clinical distinctions between the indeterminate and the cardiac clinical forms are associated with different immune responses mediated by innate and adaptive cells. In this review, we present a collection of studies focusing on the human disease, discussing several aspects that demonstrate the association between chemokines, cytokines, and cytotoxic molecules with the distinct clinical outcomes of human infection with <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>. In addition, we discuss the role of gene polymorphisms in the transcriptional control of these immunoregulatory molecules. Finally, we discuss the potential application of cytokine expression and gene polymorphisms as markers of susceptibility to developing the severe form of Chagas disease, and as targets for disease control.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/2/171cytokinesimmunoregulationgene polymorphismchagas disease<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> |
| spellingShingle | Carolina Cattoni Koh Eula G. A. Neves Thaiany Goulart de Souza-Silva Ana Carolina Carvalho Cecília Horta Ramalho Pinto Alexsandro Sobreira Galdino Kenneth J. Gollob Walderez Ornelas Dutra Cytokine Networks as Targets for Preventing and Controlling Chagas Heart Disease Pathogens cytokines immunoregulation gene polymorphism chagas disease <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> |
| title | Cytokine Networks as Targets for Preventing and Controlling Chagas Heart Disease |
| title_full | Cytokine Networks as Targets for Preventing and Controlling Chagas Heart Disease |
| title_fullStr | Cytokine Networks as Targets for Preventing and Controlling Chagas Heart Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cytokine Networks as Targets for Preventing and Controlling Chagas Heart Disease |
| title_short | Cytokine Networks as Targets for Preventing and Controlling Chagas Heart Disease |
| title_sort | cytokine networks as targets for preventing and controlling chagas heart disease |
| topic | cytokines immunoregulation gene polymorphism chagas disease <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/2/171 |
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