| Summary: | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Bladder cancer is a common malignancy in Egypt. A history of urinary tract infection can be considered as a risk factor for bladder cancer. <it>Escherichia coli (E. coli)</it> infection is responsible for 70% of urinary tract infection. This study aimed to evaluate the role of chronic <it>E. coli</it> infection during bladder carcinogenesis. In order to achieve this aim, we investigated the histopathological changes in bladder tissue and measured the level of nuclear factor kappa p65 (NF-κBp65), Bcl-2 and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in four groups each consisting of 25 male albino rats except of control group consisting of 20 rats. The first group was normal control group, the second group was infected with <it>E. coli</it>, the third group was administered nitrosamine precursor, and the forth group was infected with <it>E. coli</it> and administered nitrosamine precursor.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The histopathological examination revealed that <it>E. coli</it> infected group was able alone to produce some histopathological changes in bladder tissue and that nitrosamine precursor plus <it>E. coli</it> group showed highest incidences of urinary bladder lesions than the nitrosamine precursor group. NF-κBp65, Bcl-2 and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in nitrosamine precursor plus <it>E. coli</it> group than the other groups.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These findings suggested that urinary bladder infection by <it>E. coli</it> may play a major additive and synergistic role during bladder carcinogenesis.</p>
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