Place of Serology in the Diagnosis of Zoonotic Leishmaniases With a Focus on Visceral Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania infantum
Leishmaniases are a group of parasitic diseases transmitted through the bite of female phlebotomine sandflies. Depending on the Leishmania species, the reservoirs can be humans (anthroponosis) or different animals (zoonosis). Zoonotic leishmaniasis present several clinical forms in function of the s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00067/full |
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| author | Maude F. Lévêque Laurence Lachaud Loïc Simon Emilie Battery Pierre Marty Christelle Pomares |
| author_facet | Maude F. Lévêque Laurence Lachaud Loïc Simon Emilie Battery Pierre Marty Christelle Pomares |
| author_sort | Maude F. Lévêque |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Leishmaniases are a group of parasitic diseases transmitted through the bite of female phlebotomine sandflies. Depending on the Leishmania species, the reservoirs can be humans (anthroponosis) or different animals (zoonosis). Zoonotic leishmaniasis present several clinical forms in function of the species involved: visceral leishmaniasis (VL), cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), and muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL). The biological diagnosis is of utmost importance because the clinical features are not specific. In addition to parasitological and molecular biology (polymerase chain reaction, PCR) assays, serology is routinely used for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis. Indeed, although PCR is more sensitive than serological assays, its implementation is limited to referral laboratories and research centers. Therefore, serology is still a key element for their diagnosis. Here, we discuss the different serological assays available for the diagnosis of zoonotic leishmaniasis. We will review the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence antibody test, immunochromatography test (ICT), direct agglutination test, and western blot as well as the different diagnostic strategies in function of the clinical form (VL, CL, and MCL). We will also discuss the place of serology for detecting asymptomatic carriers and for the follow-up of VL. Depending on the laboratory, different assays can be used, from ICT, which is appropriate for field testing, to a combination of serological tests to improve the sensitivity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T19:00:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-88a0a1cf63fa4b4397ee8e301d6bcd2c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T19:00:37Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-88a0a1cf63fa4b4397ee8e301d6bcd2c2022-12-21T20:09:33ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882020-02-011010.3389/fcimb.2020.00067495409Place of Serology in the Diagnosis of Zoonotic Leishmaniases With a Focus on Visceral Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania infantumMaude F. Lévêque0Laurence Lachaud1Loïc Simon2Emilie Battery3Pierre Marty4Christelle Pomares5Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire et Université de Montpellier, UMR MIVEGEC, Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses, Montpellier, FranceLaboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire et Université de Montpellier, UMR MIVEGEC, Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses, Montpellier, FranceLaboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire l'Archet, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Virulence microbienne et signalisation inflammatoire - Université de la Côte d'Azur, Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire associé au Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses, Nice, FranceLaboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire et Université de Montpellier, UMR MIVEGEC, Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses, Montpellier, FranceLaboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire l'Archet, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Virulence microbienne et signalisation inflammatoire - Université de la Côte d'Azur, Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire associé au Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses, Nice, FranceLaboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire l'Archet, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Virulence microbienne et signalisation inflammatoire - Université de la Côte d'Azur, Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire associé au Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses, Nice, FranceLeishmaniases are a group of parasitic diseases transmitted through the bite of female phlebotomine sandflies. Depending on the Leishmania species, the reservoirs can be humans (anthroponosis) or different animals (zoonosis). Zoonotic leishmaniasis present several clinical forms in function of the species involved: visceral leishmaniasis (VL), cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), and muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL). The biological diagnosis is of utmost importance because the clinical features are not specific. In addition to parasitological and molecular biology (polymerase chain reaction, PCR) assays, serology is routinely used for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis. Indeed, although PCR is more sensitive than serological assays, its implementation is limited to referral laboratories and research centers. Therefore, serology is still a key element for their diagnosis. Here, we discuss the different serological assays available for the diagnosis of zoonotic leishmaniasis. We will review the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence antibody test, immunochromatography test (ICT), direct agglutination test, and western blot as well as the different diagnostic strategies in function of the clinical form (VL, CL, and MCL). We will also discuss the place of serology for detecting asymptomatic carriers and for the follow-up of VL. Depending on the laboratory, different assays can be used, from ICT, which is appropriate for field testing, to a combination of serological tests to improve the sensitivity.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00067/fullvisceral leishmaniasistegumentary leishmaniasiszoonosisserologydiagnosis |
| spellingShingle | Maude F. Lévêque Laurence Lachaud Loïc Simon Emilie Battery Pierre Marty Christelle Pomares Place of Serology in the Diagnosis of Zoonotic Leishmaniases With a Focus on Visceral Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania infantum Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology visceral leishmaniasis tegumentary leishmaniasis zoonosis serology diagnosis |
| title | Place of Serology in the Diagnosis of Zoonotic Leishmaniases With a Focus on Visceral Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania infantum |
| title_full | Place of Serology in the Diagnosis of Zoonotic Leishmaniases With a Focus on Visceral Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania infantum |
| title_fullStr | Place of Serology in the Diagnosis of Zoonotic Leishmaniases With a Focus on Visceral Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania infantum |
| title_full_unstemmed | Place of Serology in the Diagnosis of Zoonotic Leishmaniases With a Focus on Visceral Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania infantum |
| title_short | Place of Serology in the Diagnosis of Zoonotic Leishmaniases With a Focus on Visceral Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania infantum |
| title_sort | place of serology in the diagnosis of zoonotic leishmaniases with a focus on visceral leishmaniasis due to leishmania infantum |
| topic | visceral leishmaniasis tegumentary leishmaniasis zoonosis serology diagnosis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00067/full |
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