Scenario-Based Pyroclastic Density Current Invasion Maps at Poorly Known Volcanoes: A Case Study from Changbaishan (China/North Korea)
Changbaishan volcano (China/North Korea; last eruption in 1903 AD) was responsible for a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) 7 eruption in 946 AD. Approximately 186,000 people live around Changbaishan and 2,000,000 tourists/year visit the volcano. An unrest occurred between 2002 and 2006. Despite the r...
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/7/2622 |
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| author | Anna Maria Lombardi Pierdomenico Del Gaudio Zhengfu Guo Maoliang Zhang Guoming Liu Vincenzo Sepe Jiaqi Liu Guido Ventura |
| author_facet | Anna Maria Lombardi Pierdomenico Del Gaudio Zhengfu Guo Maoliang Zhang Guoming Liu Vincenzo Sepe Jiaqi Liu Guido Ventura |
| author_sort | Anna Maria Lombardi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Changbaishan volcano (China/North Korea; last eruption in 1903 AD) was responsible for a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) 7 eruption in 946 AD. Approximately 186,000 people live around Changbaishan and 2,000,000 tourists/year visit the volcano. An unrest occurred between 2002 and 2006. Despite the relevant hazard, the eruptive history is poorly known, a condition common to many volcanoes worldwide. Here, we investigate the extension of the areas potentially affected by pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) in case of future eruptions following a scenario-based approach. We perform energy cone runs referred to four scenarios from columns of height 3, 10, 20 and 30 km at different vents. By using global datasets on PDCs, we produce spatial probability maps of PDCs invasion. Empirical laws between covered areas, PDC travelled distances, and heights of collapse are provided. In scenarios 3 and 4, PDCs expand at distances up to 42 km and 85 km, respectively. In scenarios 1 and 2, PDCs invade the touristic area and few main roads. Severe effects emerge from scenarios 3 and 4 with the interruption of the China–North Korea land and aerial connections and PDC. Our approach may serve as guide for the rapid evaluation of the PDC-related hazard at poorly known volcanoes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:33:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-88a21c9606984268a9c377fbc122a043 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:33:04Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-88a21c9606984268a9c377fbc122a0432023-11-19T21:13:56ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172020-04-01107262210.3390/app10072622Scenario-Based Pyroclastic Density Current Invasion Maps at Poorly Known Volcanoes: A Case Study from Changbaishan (China/North Korea)Anna Maria Lombardi0Pierdomenico Del Gaudio1Zhengfu Guo2Maoliang Zhang3Guoming Liu4Vincenzo Sepe5Jiaqi Liu6Guido Ventura7Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, 00143 Roma, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, 00143 Roma, ItalyKey Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaKey Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaEarthquake Administration of Jilin Province, Changchun 130022, ChinaIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, 00143 Roma, ItalyKey Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, 00143 Roma, ItalyChangbaishan volcano (China/North Korea; last eruption in 1903 AD) was responsible for a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) 7 eruption in 946 AD. Approximately 186,000 people live around Changbaishan and 2,000,000 tourists/year visit the volcano. An unrest occurred between 2002 and 2006. Despite the relevant hazard, the eruptive history is poorly known, a condition common to many volcanoes worldwide. Here, we investigate the extension of the areas potentially affected by pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) in case of future eruptions following a scenario-based approach. We perform energy cone runs referred to four scenarios from columns of height 3, 10, 20 and 30 km at different vents. By using global datasets on PDCs, we produce spatial probability maps of PDCs invasion. Empirical laws between covered areas, PDC travelled distances, and heights of collapse are provided. In scenarios 3 and 4, PDCs expand at distances up to 42 km and 85 km, respectively. In scenarios 1 and 2, PDCs invade the touristic area and few main roads. Severe effects emerge from scenarios 3 and 4 with the interruption of the China–North Korea land and aerial connections and PDC. Our approach may serve as guide for the rapid evaluation of the PDC-related hazard at poorly known volcanoes.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/7/2622volcanohazardpyroclastic density currentsurban infrastructuresChangbaishan volcano |
| spellingShingle | Anna Maria Lombardi Pierdomenico Del Gaudio Zhengfu Guo Maoliang Zhang Guoming Liu Vincenzo Sepe Jiaqi Liu Guido Ventura Scenario-Based Pyroclastic Density Current Invasion Maps at Poorly Known Volcanoes: A Case Study from Changbaishan (China/North Korea) Applied Sciences volcano hazard pyroclastic density currents urban infrastructures Changbaishan volcano |
| title | Scenario-Based Pyroclastic Density Current Invasion Maps at Poorly Known Volcanoes: A Case Study from Changbaishan (China/North Korea) |
| title_full | Scenario-Based Pyroclastic Density Current Invasion Maps at Poorly Known Volcanoes: A Case Study from Changbaishan (China/North Korea) |
| title_fullStr | Scenario-Based Pyroclastic Density Current Invasion Maps at Poorly Known Volcanoes: A Case Study from Changbaishan (China/North Korea) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Scenario-Based Pyroclastic Density Current Invasion Maps at Poorly Known Volcanoes: A Case Study from Changbaishan (China/North Korea) |
| title_short | Scenario-Based Pyroclastic Density Current Invasion Maps at Poorly Known Volcanoes: A Case Study from Changbaishan (China/North Korea) |
| title_sort | scenario based pyroclastic density current invasion maps at poorly known volcanoes a case study from changbaishan china north korea |
| topic | volcano hazard pyroclastic density currents urban infrastructures Changbaishan volcano |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/7/2622 |
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