The Role of Immune Modulation in Pathogenesis of IgA Nephropathy
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most prevalent primary glomerulonephritis worldwide, with diverse clinical manifestations characterized by recurrent gross hematuria or microscopic hematuria, and pathological changes featuring poorly O-galactosylated IgA1 deposition in the glomerular mesangium. Pathoge...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-03-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmed.2020.00092/full |
| _version_ | 1818526184099545088 |
|---|---|
| author | Sheng Chang Sheng Chang Xiao-Kang Li Xiao-Kang Li |
| author_facet | Sheng Chang Sheng Chang Xiao-Kang Li Xiao-Kang Li |
| author_sort | Sheng Chang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most prevalent primary glomerulonephritis worldwide, with diverse clinical manifestations characterized by recurrent gross hematuria or microscopic hematuria, and pathological changes featuring poorly O-galactosylated IgA1 deposition in the glomerular mesangium. Pathogenesis has always been the focus of IgAN studies. After 50 years of research, most scholars agree that IgAN is a group of clinicopathological syndromes with certain common immunopathological characteristics, and multiple mechanisms are involved in its pathogenesis, including immunology, genetics, and environmental or nutritional factors. However, the precise pathogenetic mechanisms have not been fully determined. One hypothesis about the pathogenesis of IgAN suggests that immunological factors are engaged in all aspects of IgAN development and play a critical role. A variety of immune cells (e.g., dendritic cells, NK cells, macrophages, T-lymphocyte subsets, and B-lymphocytes, etc.) and molecules (e.g., IgA receptors, Toll-like receptors, complements, etc.) in innate and adaptive immunity are involved in the pathogenesis of IgAN. Moreover, the abnormality of mucosal immune regulation is the core of IgAN immunopathogenesis. The roles of tonsil immunity or intestinal mucosal immunity, which have received more attention in recent years, are supported by mounting evidence. In this review, we will explore the latest research insights on the role of immune modulation in the pathogenesis of IgAN. With a better understanding of immunopathogenesis of IgAN, emerging therapies will soon become realized. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T06:19:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-88ad9290b5ea457084cbf59b7ca72a12 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-858X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T06:19:26Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-88ad9290b5ea457084cbf59b7ca72a122022-12-22T01:17:52ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2020-03-01710.3389/fmed.2020.00092524481The Role of Immune Modulation in Pathogenesis of IgA NephropathySheng Chang0Sheng Chang1Xiao-Kang Li2Xiao-Kang Li3Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, ChinaDivision of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, JapanDivision of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, ChinaIgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most prevalent primary glomerulonephritis worldwide, with diverse clinical manifestations characterized by recurrent gross hematuria or microscopic hematuria, and pathological changes featuring poorly O-galactosylated IgA1 deposition in the glomerular mesangium. Pathogenesis has always been the focus of IgAN studies. After 50 years of research, most scholars agree that IgAN is a group of clinicopathological syndromes with certain common immunopathological characteristics, and multiple mechanisms are involved in its pathogenesis, including immunology, genetics, and environmental or nutritional factors. However, the precise pathogenetic mechanisms have not been fully determined. One hypothesis about the pathogenesis of IgAN suggests that immunological factors are engaged in all aspects of IgAN development and play a critical role. A variety of immune cells (e.g., dendritic cells, NK cells, macrophages, T-lymphocyte subsets, and B-lymphocytes, etc.) and molecules (e.g., IgA receptors, Toll-like receptors, complements, etc.) in innate and adaptive immunity are involved in the pathogenesis of IgAN. Moreover, the abnormality of mucosal immune regulation is the core of IgAN immunopathogenesis. The roles of tonsil immunity or intestinal mucosal immunity, which have received more attention in recent years, are supported by mounting evidence. In this review, we will explore the latest research insights on the role of immune modulation in the pathogenesis of IgAN. With a better understanding of immunopathogenesis of IgAN, emerging therapies will soon become realized.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmed.2020.00092/fullglomerular mesangiumIgA nephropathyimmunopathogenesismucosal immuneinnate immunityadaptive immunity |
| spellingShingle | Sheng Chang Sheng Chang Xiao-Kang Li Xiao-Kang Li The Role of Immune Modulation in Pathogenesis of IgA Nephropathy Frontiers in Medicine glomerular mesangium IgA nephropathy immunopathogenesis mucosal immune innate immunity adaptive immunity |
| title | The Role of Immune Modulation in Pathogenesis of IgA Nephropathy |
| title_full | The Role of Immune Modulation in Pathogenesis of IgA Nephropathy |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Immune Modulation in Pathogenesis of IgA Nephropathy |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Immune Modulation in Pathogenesis of IgA Nephropathy |
| title_short | The Role of Immune Modulation in Pathogenesis of IgA Nephropathy |
| title_sort | role of immune modulation in pathogenesis of iga nephropathy |
| topic | glomerular mesangium IgA nephropathy immunopathogenesis mucosal immune innate immunity adaptive immunity |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmed.2020.00092/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shengchang theroleofimmunemodulationinpathogenesisofiganephropathy AT shengchang theroleofimmunemodulationinpathogenesisofiganephropathy AT xiaokangli theroleofimmunemodulationinpathogenesisofiganephropathy AT xiaokangli theroleofimmunemodulationinpathogenesisofiganephropathy AT shengchang roleofimmunemodulationinpathogenesisofiganephropathy AT shengchang roleofimmunemodulationinpathogenesisofiganephropathy AT xiaokangli roleofimmunemodulationinpathogenesisofiganephropathy AT xiaokangli roleofimmunemodulationinpathogenesisofiganephropathy |