Obtaining the best temperature parameters for co-carbonization of lignite (yatağan)-biomass (peach seed shell) by structural characterization
In this study, Yatağan lignite (YL) and peach kernel shells (PKS) were originally taken separately and in a 1: 1 ratio by weight. Experiments were carried out in a 3-zone heated cylindrical furnace in a steel reactor. Structural characterization of all the solid products obtained was made by FTIR, X...
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Elsevier
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022019247 |
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| author | Figen Gündüz Yeliz Akbulut Cemil Koyunoğlu Yunus Önal Hüseyin Karaca |
| author_facet | Figen Gündüz Yeliz Akbulut Cemil Koyunoğlu Yunus Önal Hüseyin Karaca |
| author_sort | Figen Gündüz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, Yatağan lignite (YL) and peach kernel shells (PKS) were originally taken separately and in a 1: 1 ratio by weight. Experiments were carried out in a 3-zone heated cylindrical furnace in a steel reactor. Structural characterization of all the solid products obtained was made by FTIR, XRD, and SEM analysis. When the FTIR and XRD spectra of the raw samples are examined, it is seen that they are rich in functional groups. It is seen that the PKS has aliphatic and aromatic structures and cellulosic structure –OH stresses (3500 cm−1). The sharp peak around 2918 cm−1 in Yatağan lignite belongs to the aliphatic C–H stretch. In the XRD spectrum, it is seen that both structures are largely amorphous. The raw PKS contains 3 different amorphous macromolecular structures. Yatagan lignite, on the other hand, contains crystalline peaks of clay and inorganic structures, depending on the ash content, as well as the amorphous structure. As the temperature increases depending on the carbonization temperature, as seen in the FTIR spectrum, the peaks of the functional groups decrease and disappear with the disruption of small macromolecular structures. As a result of the structural adjustment with the temperature increase, M-O-M peaks around 1000 cm−1 remain due to the aromatic C–H stretching and ash content. The paper centers around test assurance of operating temperatures in the consuming layer during co-carbonization. It is obtained that 800 °C is the best temperature condition for the co-carbonization process. It has been concluded that the chars obtained as a result of pyrolysis will be used as a solid fuel in both environmental (the lowest sulfur content) and economic (400 °C) sense. However, the fact that it has a very low sulfur content with the increase in the liquid and gas efficiency obtained at high temperatures again proves the production of an environmentally friendly liquid fuel. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T09:10:30Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T09:10:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-88b25e11bb4947b7af199d4302b3ef6b2022-12-22T04:32:31ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402022-09-0189e10636Obtaining the best temperature parameters for co-carbonization of lignite (yatağan)-biomass (peach seed shell) by structural characterizationFigen Gündüz0Yeliz Akbulut1Cemil Koyunoğlu2Yunus Önal3Hüseyin Karaca4Inonu University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Chemical Engineering, Campus-44280, Malatya, TurkeyInonu University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Chemical Engineering, Campus-44280, Malatya, TurkeyYalova University, Engineering Faculty, Energy Systems Engineering Department, Çınarcık Road 5th Km, Central Campus, Yalova University, 77200, Yalova, TurkeyInonu University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Chemical Engineering, Campus-44280, Malatya, TurkeyInonu University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Chemical Engineering, Campus-44280, Malatya, Turkey; Corresponding author.In this study, Yatağan lignite (YL) and peach kernel shells (PKS) were originally taken separately and in a 1: 1 ratio by weight. Experiments were carried out in a 3-zone heated cylindrical furnace in a steel reactor. Structural characterization of all the solid products obtained was made by FTIR, XRD, and SEM analysis. When the FTIR and XRD spectra of the raw samples are examined, it is seen that they are rich in functional groups. It is seen that the PKS has aliphatic and aromatic structures and cellulosic structure –OH stresses (3500 cm−1). The sharp peak around 2918 cm−1 in Yatağan lignite belongs to the aliphatic C–H stretch. In the XRD spectrum, it is seen that both structures are largely amorphous. The raw PKS contains 3 different amorphous macromolecular structures. Yatagan lignite, on the other hand, contains crystalline peaks of clay and inorganic structures, depending on the ash content, as well as the amorphous structure. As the temperature increases depending on the carbonization temperature, as seen in the FTIR spectrum, the peaks of the functional groups decrease and disappear with the disruption of small macromolecular structures. As a result of the structural adjustment with the temperature increase, M-O-M peaks around 1000 cm−1 remain due to the aromatic C–H stretching and ash content. The paper centers around test assurance of operating temperatures in the consuming layer during co-carbonization. It is obtained that 800 °C is the best temperature condition for the co-carbonization process. It has been concluded that the chars obtained as a result of pyrolysis will be used as a solid fuel in both environmental (the lowest sulfur content) and economic (400 °C) sense. However, the fact that it has a very low sulfur content with the increase in the liquid and gas efficiency obtained at high temperatures again proves the production of an environmentally friendly liquid fuel.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022019247LigniteBiomassPeach kernel shellPyrolysisPyrolysis productsYield |
| spellingShingle | Figen Gündüz Yeliz Akbulut Cemil Koyunoğlu Yunus Önal Hüseyin Karaca Obtaining the best temperature parameters for co-carbonization of lignite (yatağan)-biomass (peach seed shell) by structural characterization Heliyon Lignite Biomass Peach kernel shell Pyrolysis Pyrolysis products Yield |
| title | Obtaining the best temperature parameters for co-carbonization of lignite (yatağan)-biomass (peach seed shell) by structural characterization |
| title_full | Obtaining the best temperature parameters for co-carbonization of lignite (yatağan)-biomass (peach seed shell) by structural characterization |
| title_fullStr | Obtaining the best temperature parameters for co-carbonization of lignite (yatağan)-biomass (peach seed shell) by structural characterization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Obtaining the best temperature parameters for co-carbonization of lignite (yatağan)-biomass (peach seed shell) by structural characterization |
| title_short | Obtaining the best temperature parameters for co-carbonization of lignite (yatağan)-biomass (peach seed shell) by structural characterization |
| title_sort | obtaining the best temperature parameters for co carbonization of lignite yatagan biomass peach seed shell by structural characterization |
| topic | Lignite Biomass Peach kernel shell Pyrolysis Pyrolysis products Yield |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022019247 |
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