Nef-induced CCL2 Expression Contributes to HIV/SIV Brain Invasion and Neuronal Dysfunction
C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) is a chemoattractant for leukocytes including monocytes, T cells, and natural killer cells and it plays an important role in maintaining the integrity and function of the brain. However, there is accumulating evidence that many neurological diseases are attributab...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02447/full |
| _version_ | 1818213691222392832 |
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| author | Michael H. Lehmann Michael H. Lehmann Jonas M. Lehmann Volker Erfle |
| author_facet | Michael H. Lehmann Michael H. Lehmann Jonas M. Lehmann Volker Erfle |
| author_sort | Michael H. Lehmann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) is a chemoattractant for leukocytes including monocytes, T cells, and natural killer cells and it plays an important role in maintaining the integrity and function of the brain. However, there is accumulating evidence that many neurological diseases are attributable to a dysregulation of CCL2 expression. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) encephalopathy is a severe and frequent complication in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The HIV and SIV Nef protein, a progression factor in AIDS pathology, can be transferred by microvesicles including exosomes and tunneling nanotubes (TNT) within the host even to uninfected cells, and Nef can induce CCL2 expression. This review focuses on findings which collectively add new insights on how Nef-induced CCL2 expression contributes to neurotropism and neurovirulence of HIV and SIV and elucidates why adjuvant targeting of CCL2 could be a therapeutic option for HIV-infected persons. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T06:08:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-88b26ba7aeb54c228cc5225b102174c3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T06:08:19Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-88b26ba7aeb54c228cc5225b102174c32022-12-22T00:35:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242019-10-011010.3389/fimmu.2019.02447481407Nef-induced CCL2 Expression Contributes to HIV/SIV Brain Invasion and Neuronal DysfunctionMichael H. Lehmann0Michael H. Lehmann1Jonas M. Lehmann2Volker Erfle3Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München, Munich, GermanyInstitute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, GermanyDepartment of Informatics, Technische Universität München, Munich, GermanyInstitute of Virology, Technische Universität München, Munich, GermanyC-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) is a chemoattractant for leukocytes including monocytes, T cells, and natural killer cells and it plays an important role in maintaining the integrity and function of the brain. However, there is accumulating evidence that many neurological diseases are attributable to a dysregulation of CCL2 expression. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) encephalopathy is a severe and frequent complication in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The HIV and SIV Nef protein, a progression factor in AIDS pathology, can be transferred by microvesicles including exosomes and tunneling nanotubes (TNT) within the host even to uninfected cells, and Nef can induce CCL2 expression. This review focuses on findings which collectively add new insights on how Nef-induced CCL2 expression contributes to neurotropism and neurovirulence of HIV and SIV and elucidates why adjuvant targeting of CCL2 could be a therapeutic option for HIV-infected persons.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02447/fullAIDSastrocyteautophagychemokinedementiainflammation |
| spellingShingle | Michael H. Lehmann Michael H. Lehmann Jonas M. Lehmann Volker Erfle Nef-induced CCL2 Expression Contributes to HIV/SIV Brain Invasion and Neuronal Dysfunction Frontiers in Immunology AIDS astrocyte autophagy chemokine dementia inflammation |
| title | Nef-induced CCL2 Expression Contributes to HIV/SIV Brain Invasion and Neuronal Dysfunction |
| title_full | Nef-induced CCL2 Expression Contributes to HIV/SIV Brain Invasion and Neuronal Dysfunction |
| title_fullStr | Nef-induced CCL2 Expression Contributes to HIV/SIV Brain Invasion and Neuronal Dysfunction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nef-induced CCL2 Expression Contributes to HIV/SIV Brain Invasion and Neuronal Dysfunction |
| title_short | Nef-induced CCL2 Expression Contributes to HIV/SIV Brain Invasion and Neuronal Dysfunction |
| title_sort | nef induced ccl2 expression contributes to hiv siv brain invasion and neuronal dysfunction |
| topic | AIDS astrocyte autophagy chemokine dementia inflammation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02447/full |
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