Temporal Patterns of Bacterial and Viral Communities during Algae Blooms of a Reservoir in Macau
Compositions of microbial communities associated with blooms of algae in a storage reservoir in Macau, China were investigated between 2013 and 2016. Algae were enumerated by visible light microscopy. Profiles of organisms in water were examined by 16S rRNA sequences and viral metagenomics, based on...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-12-01
|
| Series: | Toxins |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/12/894 |
| _version_ | 1827669277591732224 |
|---|---|
| author | Dini Hu John P. Giesy Min Guo Wai Kin Ung Yijun Kong Kai Meng Mok Simon Ming-Yuen Lee |
| author_facet | Dini Hu John P. Giesy Min Guo Wai Kin Ung Yijun Kong Kai Meng Mok Simon Ming-Yuen Lee |
| author_sort | Dini Hu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Compositions of microbial communities associated with blooms of algae in a storage reservoir in Macau, China were investigated between 2013 and 2016. Algae were enumerated by visible light microscopy. Profiles of organisms in water were examined by 16S rRNA sequences and viral metagenomics, based on next generation sequencing. Results of 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that majority of the identified organisms were bacteria closely related to Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. Metagenomics sequences demonstrated that the dominant virus was <i>Phycodnavirus</i>, accounting for 70% of the total population. Patterns of relative numbers of bacteria in the microbial community and their temporal changes were determined through alpha diversity indices, principal coordinates analysis (PCoA), relative abundance, and visualized by Venn diagrams. Ways in which the bacterial and viral communities are influenced by various water-related variables were elucidated based on redundancy analysis (RDA). Relationships of the relative numbers of bacteria with trophic status in a reservoir used for drinking water in Macau, provided insight into associations of <i>Phycodnavirus</i> and <i>Proteobacteria</i> with changes in blooms of algae. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:58:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-88be7b3e445c4840a1caa49fd6c237e6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:58:08Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-88be7b3e445c4840a1caa49fd6c237e62023-11-23T10:51:03ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512021-12-01131289410.3390/toxins13120894Temporal Patterns of Bacterial and Viral Communities during Algae Blooms of a Reservoir in MacauDini Hu0John P. Giesy1Min Guo2Wai Kin Ung3Yijun Kong4Kai Meng Mok5Simon Ming-Yuen Lee6Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, ChinaDepartment of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5B3, CanadaState Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, ChinaLaboratory & Research Center, Macao Water Supply Co. Ltd., Conselheiro Borja, Macau SAR, ChinaLaboratory & Research Center, Macao Water Supply Co. Ltd., Conselheiro Borja, Macau SAR, ChinaDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, ChinaCompositions of microbial communities associated with blooms of algae in a storage reservoir in Macau, China were investigated between 2013 and 2016. Algae were enumerated by visible light microscopy. Profiles of organisms in water were examined by 16S rRNA sequences and viral metagenomics, based on next generation sequencing. Results of 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that majority of the identified organisms were bacteria closely related to Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. Metagenomics sequences demonstrated that the dominant virus was <i>Phycodnavirus</i>, accounting for 70% of the total population. Patterns of relative numbers of bacteria in the microbial community and their temporal changes were determined through alpha diversity indices, principal coordinates analysis (PCoA), relative abundance, and visualized by Venn diagrams. Ways in which the bacterial and viral communities are influenced by various water-related variables were elucidated based on redundancy analysis (RDA). Relationships of the relative numbers of bacteria with trophic status in a reservoir used for drinking water in Macau, provided insight into associations of <i>Phycodnavirus</i> and <i>Proteobacteria</i> with changes in blooms of algae.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/12/894phytoplanktoncyanobacteriaalgal virusesviral metagenomicsAsiahazardous algal bloom |
| spellingShingle | Dini Hu John P. Giesy Min Guo Wai Kin Ung Yijun Kong Kai Meng Mok Simon Ming-Yuen Lee Temporal Patterns of Bacterial and Viral Communities during Algae Blooms of a Reservoir in Macau Toxins phytoplankton cyanobacteria algal viruses viral metagenomics Asia hazardous algal bloom |
| title | Temporal Patterns of Bacterial and Viral Communities during Algae Blooms of a Reservoir in Macau |
| title_full | Temporal Patterns of Bacterial and Viral Communities during Algae Blooms of a Reservoir in Macau |
| title_fullStr | Temporal Patterns of Bacterial and Viral Communities during Algae Blooms of a Reservoir in Macau |
| title_full_unstemmed | Temporal Patterns of Bacterial and Viral Communities during Algae Blooms of a Reservoir in Macau |
| title_short | Temporal Patterns of Bacterial and Viral Communities during Algae Blooms of a Reservoir in Macau |
| title_sort | temporal patterns of bacterial and viral communities during algae blooms of a reservoir in macau |
| topic | phytoplankton cyanobacteria algal viruses viral metagenomics Asia hazardous algal bloom |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/12/894 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dinihu temporalpatternsofbacterialandviralcommunitiesduringalgaebloomsofareservoirinmacau AT johnpgiesy temporalpatternsofbacterialandviralcommunitiesduringalgaebloomsofareservoirinmacau AT minguo temporalpatternsofbacterialandviralcommunitiesduringalgaebloomsofareservoirinmacau AT waikinung temporalpatternsofbacterialandviralcommunitiesduringalgaebloomsofareservoirinmacau AT yijunkong temporalpatternsofbacterialandviralcommunitiesduringalgaebloomsofareservoirinmacau AT kaimengmok temporalpatternsofbacterialandviralcommunitiesduringalgaebloomsofareservoirinmacau AT simonmingyuenlee temporalpatternsofbacterialandviralcommunitiesduringalgaebloomsofareservoirinmacau |