Effects of COVID-19 vaccination and previous infection on Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection and relation with serology
Abstract An increasing proportion of the population has acquired immunity through COVID-19 vaccination and previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, i.e., hybrid immunity, possibly affecting the risk of new infection. We aim to estimate the protective effect of previous infections and vaccinations on SARS-CoV-...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40195-z |
| _version_ | 1797558462487461888 |
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| author | Brechje de Gier Anne J. Huiberts Christina E. Hoeve Gerco den Hartog Henri van Werkhoven Rob van Binnendijk Susan J. M. Hahné Hester E. de Melker Susan van den Hof Mirjam J. Knol |
| author_facet | Brechje de Gier Anne J. Huiberts Christina E. Hoeve Gerco den Hartog Henri van Werkhoven Rob van Binnendijk Susan J. M. Hahné Hester E. de Melker Susan van den Hof Mirjam J. Knol |
| author_sort | Brechje de Gier |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract An increasing proportion of the population has acquired immunity through COVID-19 vaccination and previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, i.e., hybrid immunity, possibly affecting the risk of new infection. We aim to estimate the protective effect of previous infections and vaccinations on SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection, using data from 43,257 adult participants in a prospective community-based cohort study in the Netherlands, collected between 10 January 2022 and 1 September 2022. Our results show that, for participants with 2, 3 or 4 prior immunizing events (vaccination or previous infection), hybrid immunity is more protective against infection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron than vaccine-induced immunity, up to at least 30 weeks after the last immunizing event. Differences in risk of infection are partly explained by differences in anti-Spike RBD (S) antibody concentration, which is associated with risk of infection in a dose-response manner. Among participants with hybrid immunity, with one previous pre-Omicron infection, we do not observe a relevant difference in risk of Omicron infection by sequence of vaccination(s) and infection. Additional immunizing events increase the protection against infection, but not above the level of the first weeks after the previous event. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:30:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-88c2a47cb73b465283b1375a636466cc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2041-1723 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:30:47Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nature Communications |
| spelling | doaj.art-88c2a47cb73b465283b1375a636466cc2023-11-20T10:01:23ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232023-08-011411710.1038/s41467-023-40195-zEffects of COVID-19 vaccination and previous infection on Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection and relation with serologyBrechje de Gier0Anne J. Huiberts1Christina E. Hoeve2Gerco den Hartog3Henri van Werkhoven4Rob van Binnendijk5Susan J. M. Hahné6Hester E. de Melker7Susan van den Hof8Mirjam J. Knol9Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentCenter for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentCenter for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentCenter for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentCenter for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentCenter for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentCenter for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentCenter for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentCenter for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentCenter for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentAbstract An increasing proportion of the population has acquired immunity through COVID-19 vaccination and previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, i.e., hybrid immunity, possibly affecting the risk of new infection. We aim to estimate the protective effect of previous infections and vaccinations on SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection, using data from 43,257 adult participants in a prospective community-based cohort study in the Netherlands, collected between 10 January 2022 and 1 September 2022. Our results show that, for participants with 2, 3 or 4 prior immunizing events (vaccination or previous infection), hybrid immunity is more protective against infection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron than vaccine-induced immunity, up to at least 30 weeks after the last immunizing event. Differences in risk of infection are partly explained by differences in anti-Spike RBD (S) antibody concentration, which is associated with risk of infection in a dose-response manner. Among participants with hybrid immunity, with one previous pre-Omicron infection, we do not observe a relevant difference in risk of Omicron infection by sequence of vaccination(s) and infection. Additional immunizing events increase the protection against infection, but not above the level of the first weeks after the previous event.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40195-z |
| spellingShingle | Brechje de Gier Anne J. Huiberts Christina E. Hoeve Gerco den Hartog Henri van Werkhoven Rob van Binnendijk Susan J. M. Hahné Hester E. de Melker Susan van den Hof Mirjam J. Knol Effects of COVID-19 vaccination and previous infection on Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection and relation with serology Nature Communications |
| title | Effects of COVID-19 vaccination and previous infection on Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection and relation with serology |
| title_full | Effects of COVID-19 vaccination and previous infection on Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection and relation with serology |
| title_fullStr | Effects of COVID-19 vaccination and previous infection on Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection and relation with serology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of COVID-19 vaccination and previous infection on Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection and relation with serology |
| title_short | Effects of COVID-19 vaccination and previous infection on Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection and relation with serology |
| title_sort | effects of covid 19 vaccination and previous infection on omicron sars cov 2 infection and relation with serology |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40195-z |
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