| Summary: | <p align="LEFT"><strong>Objective</strong> – <span style="font-family: NewtonC-Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: NewtonC-Italic; font-size: xx-small;">to identify the major risk factors leading to worse results of surgical treatment in patients with urethral stricture.</span></span></p><strong><em><em></em></em></strong><p align="LEFT"><strong>Subjects and methods. </strong><span style="font-family: NewtonC-Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: NewtonC-Italic; font-size: xx-small;">Two hundred and forty-eight patients with urethral stricture underwent different surgical interventions: internal optical </span></span>urethrotomy (IOU) for strictures of different portions of the urethra in 157 patients (the operation was made once in 121 patients, twice in 24 patients, and thrice or more in 12); replacement urethroplasty using a buccal mucosa graft for strictures of the anterior urethra in 46 patients; Turner-Warwick’s anastomotic urethroplasty modified by Webster for strictures (distraction defects) of the posterior urethra in 45 patients. The results of surgical treatment were studied using urethrography, uroflowmetry, urethrocystoscopy, the international prostate symptom score, quality of life (QoL) questionnaire, and the international index of erectile function (IIEF) questionnaire. The role of risk factors for postoperative recurrent urethral stricture was assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses.</p><strong><em><em></em></em></strong><p align="LEFT"><strong>Results. </strong><span style="font-family: NewtonC-Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: NewtonC-Italic; font-size: xx-small;">The rate of recurrent urethral stricture after IOU was 66.9 % (59.5, 87.5, and 100 % after the first, second, third or more subsequent </span></span>operations, respectively; 12.1 % after all types of urethroplasty, 15.2 % after augmentation urethroplasty, and 8.9 % after anastomotic urethroplasty. The major risk factors of recurrent urethral stricture after IOU were recognized to be the location of urethral stricture in the penile or bulbomembranous portions, a urethral stricture length of > 1 cm, severe urethral lumen narrowing, and performance of 2 or more operations; those after augmentation urethroplasty were previous ineffective treatment, a stricture length of > 4 cm, lichen sclerosus, and smoking; those after anastomotic urethroplasty were previous ineffective treatment, smoking, and a stricture length of > 4 cm.</p><p align="LEFT"><strong>Conclusion</strong>. T<span style="font-family: NewtonC-Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: NewtonC-Italic; font-size: xx-small;">he results of the investigation have shown that only pathogenetically grounded treatments for stricture allow their high efficiency </span></span>to be achieved.</p><em></em>
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