The inverse relationship between fatness and bone mineral content is mediated by the adolescent appendicular skeletal muscle mass index: The Cogni-Action Project
BackgroundExcess adipose tissue negatively influences bone health during childhood, affecting future bone fragility diseases such as osteoporosis. However, little is known about how adolescent appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) may mediate the relation between fatness and bone mineral co...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.1040116/full |
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| author | Carlos Cristi-Montero Humberto Peña-Jorquera Leslie Landaeta-Díaz Julio B. Mello Julio B. Mello Felipe Araya-Quintanilla Caroline Brand Caroline Brand Cézane Reuter Carlos Jorquera Gerson Ferrari |
| author_facet | Carlos Cristi-Montero Humberto Peña-Jorquera Leslie Landaeta-Díaz Julio B. Mello Julio B. Mello Felipe Araya-Quintanilla Caroline Brand Caroline Brand Cézane Reuter Carlos Jorquera Gerson Ferrari |
| author_sort | Carlos Cristi-Montero |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundExcess adipose tissue negatively influences bone health during childhood, affecting future bone fragility diseases such as osteoporosis. However, little is known about how adolescent appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) may mediate the relation between fatness and bone mineral content (BMC).MethodsThe sample comprised 1,296 adolescents (50% girls) aged 10–14. A principal component analysis was performed to obtain a factor made up of four fatness indicators (a) neck circumference, (b) kilograms of fat, (c) visceral fat area, and (d) waist-to-height ratio. BMC, kilograms of fat, visceral fat area, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass were obtained by a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer. ASMI was calculated as the appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by height squared (kg/m2). A mediation analysis was performed adjusting by age, sex, maturation, socioeconomic status, physical activity, and adolescents' body weight. We also explore differences by sex and nutritional status.ResultsThe fatness factor explained 71.5% of the proportion variance. Fatness was inversely associated with the ASMI and BMC, while the ASMI was positively related to BMC. Overall, the inverse relationship between fatness and BMC was partially mediated by the adolescents' ASMI (29.7%, indirect effect: B= −0.048, 95%CI −0.077 to −0.022), being higher in girls than in boys (32.9 vs. 29.2%). Besides, the mediation effect was higher in adolescents with normal body weight than with overweight-obese (37.6 vs 23.9%, respectively).ConclusionsThis finding highlighted the relevance of promoting healthy habits to reduce fatness and improve muscle mass in adolescents. Moreover, this highlights the central role of ASMI mediating the inverse association between fatness and BMC in female and male adolescents. Public health strategies should promote bone health in childhood, reducing the incidence of early osteopenia and osteoporosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T16:29:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-88e33c4b2ad34f199e3b2ac26a316763 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T16:29:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-88e33c4b2ad34f199e3b2ac26a3167632022-12-22T04:14:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2022-11-01910.3389/fnut.2022.10401161040116The inverse relationship between fatness and bone mineral content is mediated by the adolescent appendicular skeletal muscle mass index: The Cogni-Action ProjectCarlos Cristi-Montero0Humberto Peña-Jorquera1Leslie Landaeta-Díaz2Julio B. Mello3Julio B. Mello4Felipe Araya-Quintanilla5Caroline Brand6Caroline Brand7Cézane Reuter8Carlos Jorquera9Gerson Ferrari10IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, ChileIRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, ChileFacultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, ChilePhysical Education School, Faculdade SOGIPA, Porto Alegre, BrazileFiDac Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, ChileEscuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, ChileIRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, ChileGraduate Program in Health Promotion, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul—UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, BrazilGraduate Program in Health Promotion, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul—UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, BrazilEscuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, ChileEscuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, ChileBackgroundExcess adipose tissue negatively influences bone health during childhood, affecting future bone fragility diseases such as osteoporosis. However, little is known about how adolescent appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) may mediate the relation between fatness and bone mineral content (BMC).MethodsThe sample comprised 1,296 adolescents (50% girls) aged 10–14. A principal component analysis was performed to obtain a factor made up of four fatness indicators (a) neck circumference, (b) kilograms of fat, (c) visceral fat area, and (d) waist-to-height ratio. BMC, kilograms of fat, visceral fat area, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass were obtained by a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer. ASMI was calculated as the appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by height squared (kg/m2). A mediation analysis was performed adjusting by age, sex, maturation, socioeconomic status, physical activity, and adolescents' body weight. We also explore differences by sex and nutritional status.ResultsThe fatness factor explained 71.5% of the proportion variance. Fatness was inversely associated with the ASMI and BMC, while the ASMI was positively related to BMC. Overall, the inverse relationship between fatness and BMC was partially mediated by the adolescents' ASMI (29.7%, indirect effect: B= −0.048, 95%CI −0.077 to −0.022), being higher in girls than in boys (32.9 vs. 29.2%). Besides, the mediation effect was higher in adolescents with normal body weight than with overweight-obese (37.6 vs 23.9%, respectively).ConclusionsThis finding highlighted the relevance of promoting healthy habits to reduce fatness and improve muscle mass in adolescents. Moreover, this highlights the central role of ASMI mediating the inverse association between fatness and BMC in female and male adolescents. Public health strategies should promote bone health in childhood, reducing the incidence of early osteopenia and osteoporosis.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.1040116/fullchildrenobesitybone healthskeletal muscle mass indexphysical activity |
| spellingShingle | Carlos Cristi-Montero Humberto Peña-Jorquera Leslie Landaeta-Díaz Julio B. Mello Julio B. Mello Felipe Araya-Quintanilla Caroline Brand Caroline Brand Cézane Reuter Carlos Jorquera Gerson Ferrari The inverse relationship between fatness and bone mineral content is mediated by the adolescent appendicular skeletal muscle mass index: The Cogni-Action Project Frontiers in Nutrition children obesity bone health skeletal muscle mass index physical activity |
| title | The inverse relationship between fatness and bone mineral content is mediated by the adolescent appendicular skeletal muscle mass index: The Cogni-Action Project |
| title_full | The inverse relationship between fatness and bone mineral content is mediated by the adolescent appendicular skeletal muscle mass index: The Cogni-Action Project |
| title_fullStr | The inverse relationship between fatness and bone mineral content is mediated by the adolescent appendicular skeletal muscle mass index: The Cogni-Action Project |
| title_full_unstemmed | The inverse relationship between fatness and bone mineral content is mediated by the adolescent appendicular skeletal muscle mass index: The Cogni-Action Project |
| title_short | The inverse relationship between fatness and bone mineral content is mediated by the adolescent appendicular skeletal muscle mass index: The Cogni-Action Project |
| title_sort | inverse relationship between fatness and bone mineral content is mediated by the adolescent appendicular skeletal muscle mass index the cogni action project |
| topic | children obesity bone health skeletal muscle mass index physical activity |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.1040116/full |
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