The Evolution, Spread and Global Threat of H6Nx Avian Influenza Viruses
Avian influenza viruses of the subtype H6Nx are being detected globally with increasing frequency. Some H6Nx lineages are becoming enzootic in Asian poultry and sporadic incursions into European poultry are occurring more frequently. H6Nx viruses that contain mammalian adaptation motifs pose a zoono...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/6/673 |
| _version_ | 1797564443749515264 |
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| author | Holly Everest Sarah C. Hill Rebecca Daines Joshua E. Sealy Joe James Rowena Hansen Munir Iqbal |
| author_facet | Holly Everest Sarah C. Hill Rebecca Daines Joshua E. Sealy Joe James Rowena Hansen Munir Iqbal |
| author_sort | Holly Everest |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Avian influenza viruses of the subtype H6Nx are being detected globally with increasing frequency. Some H6Nx lineages are becoming enzootic in Asian poultry and sporadic incursions into European poultry are occurring more frequently. H6Nx viruses that contain mammalian adaptation motifs pose a zoonotic threat and have caused human cases. Although currently understudied globally, H6Nx avian influenza viruses pose a substantial threat to both poultry and human health. In this review we examine the current state of knowledge of H6Nx viruses including their global distribution, tropism, transmission routes and human health risk. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:58:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-88e396af2c1c41f89be3f2d0fabf4755 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:58:22Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-88e396af2c1c41f89be3f2d0fabf47552023-11-20T04:36:24ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152020-06-0112667310.3390/v12060673The Evolution, Spread and Global Threat of H6Nx Avian Influenza VirusesHolly Everest0Sarah C. Hill1Rebecca Daines2Joshua E. Sealy3Joe James4Rowena Hansen5Munir Iqbal6The Pirbright Institute, Woking GU24 0NF, UKDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SZ UKThe Pirbright Institute, Woking GU24 0NF, UKThe Pirbright Institute, Woking GU24 0NF, UKDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UKDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UKThe Pirbright Institute, Woking GU24 0NF, UKAvian influenza viruses of the subtype H6Nx are being detected globally with increasing frequency. Some H6Nx lineages are becoming enzootic in Asian poultry and sporadic incursions into European poultry are occurring more frequently. H6Nx viruses that contain mammalian adaptation motifs pose a zoonotic threat and have caused human cases. Although currently understudied globally, H6Nx avian influenza viruses pose a substantial threat to both poultry and human health. In this review we examine the current state of knowledge of H6Nx viruses including their global distribution, tropism, transmission routes and human health risk.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/6/673H6Nxavian influenzazoonoticpandemicpoultryreassortment |
| spellingShingle | Holly Everest Sarah C. Hill Rebecca Daines Joshua E. Sealy Joe James Rowena Hansen Munir Iqbal The Evolution, Spread and Global Threat of H6Nx Avian Influenza Viruses Viruses H6Nx avian influenza zoonotic pandemic poultry reassortment |
| title | The Evolution, Spread and Global Threat of H6Nx Avian Influenza Viruses |
| title_full | The Evolution, Spread and Global Threat of H6Nx Avian Influenza Viruses |
| title_fullStr | The Evolution, Spread and Global Threat of H6Nx Avian Influenza Viruses |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Evolution, Spread and Global Threat of H6Nx Avian Influenza Viruses |
| title_short | The Evolution, Spread and Global Threat of H6Nx Avian Influenza Viruses |
| title_sort | evolution spread and global threat of h6nx avian influenza viruses |
| topic | H6Nx avian influenza zoonotic pandemic poultry reassortment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/6/673 |
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