Bone Health in People Living with HIV/AIDS: An Update of Where We Are and Potential Future Strategies
The developments in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) treatment and in the care of people living with HIV (PLWHIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) over the last three decades has led to a significant increase in life expectancy, on par with HIV-negative individuals. Aside from the fac...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/3/789 |
| _version_ | 1827748481509359616 |
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| author | Musaab Ahmed Dushyant Mital Nuha Eljaili Abubaker Maria Panourgia Henry Owles Ioanna Papadaki Mohamed H. Ahmed |
| author_facet | Musaab Ahmed Dushyant Mital Nuha Eljaili Abubaker Maria Panourgia Henry Owles Ioanna Papadaki Mohamed H. Ahmed |
| author_sort | Musaab Ahmed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The developments in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) treatment and in the care of people living with HIV (PLWHIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) over the last three decades has led to a significant increase in life expectancy, on par with HIV-negative individuals. Aside from the fact that bone fractures tend to occur 10 years earlier than in HIV-negative individuals, HIV is, per se, an independent risk factor for bone fractures. A few available antiretroviral therapies (ARVs) are also linked with osteoporosis, particularly those involving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) coinfection is associated with a greater risk of osteoporosis and fracture than HIV monoinfection. Both the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) and measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) via a DEXA scan are routinely used in the assessment of fracture risk in individuals living with HIV, as bone loss is thought to start between the ages of 40 and 50 years old. The main treatment for established osteoporosis involves bisphosphonates. Supplementation with calcium and vitamin D is part of clinical practice of most HIV centers globally. Further research is needed to assess (i) the cut-off age for assessment of osteoporosis, (ii) the utility of anti-osteoporotic agents in PLWHIV and (iii) how concomitant viral infections and COVID-19 in PLWHIV can increase risk of osteoporosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:09:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-88ea15de613346b0abf364a5bb94976e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:09:24Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-88ea15de613346b0abf364a5bb94976e2023-11-17T12:46:07ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-03-0111378910.3390/microorganisms11030789Bone Health in People Living with HIV/AIDS: An Update of Where We Are and Potential Future StrategiesMusaab Ahmed0Dushyant Mital1Nuha Eljaili Abubaker2Maria Panourgia3Henry Owles4Ioanna Papadaki5Mohamed H. Ahmed6College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of HIV and Blood Borne Virus, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes MK6 5LD, UKClinical Chemistry Department, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum P.O. Box 407, SudanDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes MK6 5LD, UKDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes MK6 5LD, UKDepartment of Rheumatology, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes MK6 5LD, UKDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes MK6 5LD, UKThe developments in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) treatment and in the care of people living with HIV (PLWHIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) over the last three decades has led to a significant increase in life expectancy, on par with HIV-negative individuals. Aside from the fact that bone fractures tend to occur 10 years earlier than in HIV-negative individuals, HIV is, per se, an independent risk factor for bone fractures. A few available antiretroviral therapies (ARVs) are also linked with osteoporosis, particularly those involving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) coinfection is associated with a greater risk of osteoporosis and fracture than HIV monoinfection. Both the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) and measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) via a DEXA scan are routinely used in the assessment of fracture risk in individuals living with HIV, as bone loss is thought to start between the ages of 40 and 50 years old. The main treatment for established osteoporosis involves bisphosphonates. Supplementation with calcium and vitamin D is part of clinical practice of most HIV centers globally. Further research is needed to assess (i) the cut-off age for assessment of osteoporosis, (ii) the utility of anti-osteoporotic agents in PLWHIV and (iii) how concomitant viral infections and COVID-19 in PLWHIV can increase risk of osteoporosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/3/789HIVosteoprosisbisphosphante |
| spellingShingle | Musaab Ahmed Dushyant Mital Nuha Eljaili Abubaker Maria Panourgia Henry Owles Ioanna Papadaki Mohamed H. Ahmed Bone Health in People Living with HIV/AIDS: An Update of Where We Are and Potential Future Strategies Microorganisms HIV osteoprosis bisphosphante |
| title | Bone Health in People Living with HIV/AIDS: An Update of Where We Are and Potential Future Strategies |
| title_full | Bone Health in People Living with HIV/AIDS: An Update of Where We Are and Potential Future Strategies |
| title_fullStr | Bone Health in People Living with HIV/AIDS: An Update of Where We Are and Potential Future Strategies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bone Health in People Living with HIV/AIDS: An Update of Where We Are and Potential Future Strategies |
| title_short | Bone Health in People Living with HIV/AIDS: An Update of Where We Are and Potential Future Strategies |
| title_sort | bone health in people living with hiv aids an update of where we are and potential future strategies |
| topic | HIV osteoprosis bisphosphante |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/3/789 |
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