Evidence of Exposure to USUV and WNV in Zoo Animals in France
West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) are zoonotic arboviruses. These flaviviruses are mainly maintained in the environment through an enzootic cycle involving mosquitoes and birds. Horses and humans are incidental, dead-end hosts, but can develop severe neurological disorders. Nevertheless,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/12/1005 |
| _version_ | 1797546176715685888 |
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| author | Orianne Constant Karine Bollore Marion Clé Jonathan Barthelemy Vincent Foulongne Baptiste Chenet David Gomis Laurie Virolle Serafin Gutierrez Caroline Desmetz Rayane Amaral Moares Cécile Beck Sylvie Lecollinet Sara Salinas Yannick Simonin |
| author_facet | Orianne Constant Karine Bollore Marion Clé Jonathan Barthelemy Vincent Foulongne Baptiste Chenet David Gomis Laurie Virolle Serafin Gutierrez Caroline Desmetz Rayane Amaral Moares Cécile Beck Sylvie Lecollinet Sara Salinas Yannick Simonin |
| author_sort | Orianne Constant |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) are zoonotic arboviruses. These flaviviruses are mainly maintained in the environment through an enzootic cycle involving mosquitoes and birds. Horses and humans are incidental, dead-end hosts, but can develop severe neurological disorders. Nevertheless, there is little data regarding the involvement of other mammals in the epidemiology of these arboviruses. In this study, we performed a serosurvey to assess exposure to these viruses in captive birds and mammals in a zoo situated in the south of France, an area described for the circulation of these two viruses. A total of 411 samples comprising of 70 species were collected over 16 years from 2003 to 2019. The samples were first tested by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The positive sera were then tested using virus-specific microneutralization tests against USUV and WNV. USUV seroprevalence in birds was 10 times higher than that of WNV (14.59% versus 1.46%, respectively). Among birds, greater rhea (<i>Rhea Americana</i>) and common peafowl (<i>Pavo cristatus</i>) exhibited the highest USUV seroprevalence. Infections occurred mainly between 2016–2018 corresponding to a period of high circulation of these viruses in Europe. In mammalian species, antibodies against WNV were detected in one dama gazelle (<i>Nanger dama</i>) whereas serological evidence of USUV infection was observed in several <i>Canidae</i>, especially in African wild dogs (<i>Lycaon pictus</i>). Our study helps to better understand the exposure of captive species to WNV and USUV and to identify potential host species to include in surveillance programs in zoos. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:26:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-88f3886acad94e35839204db7fcc0fd4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:26:21Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-88f3886acad94e35839204db7fcc0fd42023-11-20T22:58:09ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172020-11-01912100510.3390/pathogens9121005Evidence of Exposure to USUV and WNV in Zoo Animals in FranceOrianne Constant0Karine Bollore1Marion Clé2Jonathan Barthelemy3Vincent Foulongne4Baptiste Chenet5David Gomis6Laurie Virolle7Serafin Gutierrez8Caroline Desmetz9Rayane Amaral Moares10Cécile Beck11Sylvie Lecollinet12Sara Salinas13Yannick Simonin14Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, 34000 Montpellier, FrancePathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, 34000 Montpellier, FrancePathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, 34000 Montpellier, FrancePathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, 34000 Montpellier, FrancePathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, 34000 Montpellier, FranceParc de Lunaret—Zoo de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, FranceParc de Lunaret—Zoo de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, FranceParc de Lunaret—Zoo de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, FranceASTRE Research Unit, CIRAD, INRA, 34398 Montpellier, FrancebBioCommunication en CardioMétabolique (BC2M), Montpellier University, 34000 Montpellier, FranceUMR 1161 Virology, ANSES, INRAE, ENVA, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory, EURL for Equine Diseases, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, FranceUMR 1161 Virology, ANSES, INRAE, ENVA, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory, EURL for Equine Diseases, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, FranceUMR 1161 Virology, ANSES, INRAE, ENVA, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory, EURL for Equine Diseases, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, FrancePathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, 34000 Montpellier, FrancePathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, 34000 Montpellier, FranceWest Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) are zoonotic arboviruses. These flaviviruses are mainly maintained in the environment through an enzootic cycle involving mosquitoes and birds. Horses and humans are incidental, dead-end hosts, but can develop severe neurological disorders. Nevertheless, there is little data regarding the involvement of other mammals in the epidemiology of these arboviruses. In this study, we performed a serosurvey to assess exposure to these viruses in captive birds and mammals in a zoo situated in the south of France, an area described for the circulation of these two viruses. A total of 411 samples comprising of 70 species were collected over 16 years from 2003 to 2019. The samples were first tested by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The positive sera were then tested using virus-specific microneutralization tests against USUV and WNV. USUV seroprevalence in birds was 10 times higher than that of WNV (14.59% versus 1.46%, respectively). Among birds, greater rhea (<i>Rhea Americana</i>) and common peafowl (<i>Pavo cristatus</i>) exhibited the highest USUV seroprevalence. Infections occurred mainly between 2016–2018 corresponding to a period of high circulation of these viruses in Europe. In mammalian species, antibodies against WNV were detected in one dama gazelle (<i>Nanger dama</i>) whereas serological evidence of USUV infection was observed in several <i>Canidae</i>, especially in African wild dogs (<i>Lycaon pictus</i>). Our study helps to better understand the exposure of captive species to WNV and USUV and to identify potential host species to include in surveillance programs in zoos.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/12/1005usutu viruswest nile virusflavivirusarbovirusseroprevalencezoological garden |
| spellingShingle | Orianne Constant Karine Bollore Marion Clé Jonathan Barthelemy Vincent Foulongne Baptiste Chenet David Gomis Laurie Virolle Serafin Gutierrez Caroline Desmetz Rayane Amaral Moares Cécile Beck Sylvie Lecollinet Sara Salinas Yannick Simonin Evidence of Exposure to USUV and WNV in Zoo Animals in France Pathogens usutu virus west nile virus flavivirus arbovirus seroprevalence zoological garden |
| title | Evidence of Exposure to USUV and WNV in Zoo Animals in France |
| title_full | Evidence of Exposure to USUV and WNV in Zoo Animals in France |
| title_fullStr | Evidence of Exposure to USUV and WNV in Zoo Animals in France |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evidence of Exposure to USUV and WNV in Zoo Animals in France |
| title_short | Evidence of Exposure to USUV and WNV in Zoo Animals in France |
| title_sort | evidence of exposure to usuv and wnv in zoo animals in france |
| topic | usutu virus west nile virus flavivirus arbovirus seroprevalence zoological garden |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/12/1005 |
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