Ethnobotanical survey, anthelmintic effects and cytotoxicity of plants used for treatment of helminthiasis in the Central and Kara regions of Togo

Abstract Background Traditional medicines are the main source of treatment of helminthiasis in endemic areas of Togo. The present study aimed to investigate the plants used by Traditional healers (THs) to treat helminth infections in endemic communities within the Central and Kara regions of Togo an...

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Main Authors: Essoham Ataba, Gnatoulma Katawa, Manuel Ritter, Adjoa Holali Ameyapoh, Kokou Anani, Oukoe M. Amessoudji, Pélagie Edlom Tchadié, Tchadjabo Tchacondo, Komlan Batawila, Yaovi Ameyapoh, Achim Hoerauf, Laura E. Layland, Simplice D. Karou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2020-07-01
Series:BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
Subjects:
Online Access:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12906-020-03008-0
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author Essoham Ataba
Gnatoulma Katawa
Manuel Ritter
Adjoa Holali Ameyapoh
Kokou Anani
Oukoe M. Amessoudji
Pélagie Edlom Tchadié
Tchadjabo Tchacondo
Komlan Batawila
Yaovi Ameyapoh
Achim Hoerauf
Laura E. Layland
Simplice D. Karou
author_facet Essoham Ataba
Gnatoulma Katawa
Manuel Ritter
Adjoa Holali Ameyapoh
Kokou Anani
Oukoe M. Amessoudji
Pélagie Edlom Tchadié
Tchadjabo Tchacondo
Komlan Batawila
Yaovi Ameyapoh
Achim Hoerauf
Laura E. Layland
Simplice D. Karou
author_sort Essoham Ataba
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Traditional medicines are the main source of treatment of helminthiasis in endemic areas of Togo. The present study aimed to investigate the plants used by Traditional healers (THs) to treat helminth infections in endemic communities within the Central and Kara regions of Togo and to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of the three most cited plants. Methods An ethnobotanical survey was conducted from 19 to 24 June 2017 among traditional healers in the Central and Kara regions of Togo. The anthelmintic activity of the most cited plants namely Aframomum melegueta K. Schum, Khaya senegalensis A. Juss and Xylopia aethiopica A. Rich, was evaluated using microfilariae (Mf) of Litomosoides sigmodontis. The plants were evaluated for cytotoxicity according to the recommendation of NF EN ISO 10993-5 standard using the propidium iodide (PI) dye by flow cytometry on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Results A total of 197 THs were interviewed and 41 plant species were recorded. Leguminosae (14.6%) and Annonaceae (9.7%) families constitute the highest number of species cited for treatment of helminth infections. Afromomum melegueta was the most cited by the THs for the treatment of onchocerciasis (UV = 0.036) while X. aethiopica was associated with the treatment of schistosomiasis (UV = 0.061) and lymphatic filariasis (UV = 0.061). There was a great agreement among the THs regarding ethnomedicinal uses of plants to treat helminthiasis with ICF values ranging from 0.57 to 0.67. The anthelmintic assay yielded lethal doses values of 233 μg/mL, 265 μg/mL and 550 μg/mL, respectively for X. aethiopica, A. melegueta and K. senegalensis. Afromomum melegueta and X. aethiopica presented no cytotoxicity, less than 20% death, whereas K. senegalensis induced moderate toxicity, 24 ± 8% death. Conclusion This study demonstrated the scientific rationale for the use of plants to treat helminthiasis in the Togolese traditional medicine. However, the use of K. senegalensis requires more caution since the plant is fairly toxic. Trial Registration NA
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spelling doaj.art-88f3e2d72c294462a05e42663a865a602022-12-21T19:18:42ZengBMCBMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies2662-76712020-07-0120111310.1186/s12906-020-03008-0Ethnobotanical survey, anthelmintic effects and cytotoxicity of plants used for treatment of helminthiasis in the Central and Kara regions of TogoEssoham Ataba0Gnatoulma Katawa1Manuel Ritter2Adjoa Holali Ameyapoh3Kokou Anani4Oukoe M. Amessoudji5Pélagie Edlom Tchadié6Tchadjabo Tchacondo7Komlan Batawila8Yaovi Ameyapoh9Achim Hoerauf10Laura E. Layland11Simplice D. Karou12Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA)/Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Contrôle de Qualité des Denrées Alimentaires/Unité de Recherche en Immunologie et Immunomodulation (UR2IM), Université de LoméEcole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA)/Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Contrôle de Qualité des Denrées Alimentaires/Unité de Recherche en Immunologie et Immunomodulation (UR2IM), Université de LoméInstitute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB)Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA)/Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Contrôle de Qualité des Denrées Alimentaires/Unité de Recherche en Immunologie et Immunomodulation (UR2IM), Université de LoméEcole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA)/Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Contrôle de Qualité des Denrées Alimentaires/Unité de Recherche en Immunologie et Immunomodulation (UR2IM), Université de LoméEcole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA)/Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Contrôle de Qualité des Denrées Alimentaires/Unité de Recherche en Immunologie et Immunomodulation (UR2IM), Université de LoméEcole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA)/Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Contrôle de Qualité des Denrées Alimentaires/Unité de Recherche en Immunologie et Immunomodulation (UR2IM), Université de LoméEcole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA)/Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Contrôle de Qualité des Denrées Alimentaires/Unité de Recherche en Immunologie et Immunomodulation (UR2IM), Université de LoméLaboratoire de Biologie et Ecologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences (FDS), Université de LoméEcole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA)/Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Contrôle de Qualité des Denrées Alimentaires/Unité de Recherche en Immunologie et Immunomodulation (UR2IM), Université de LoméInstitute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB)Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB)Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA)/Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Contrôle de Qualité des Denrées Alimentaires/Unité de Recherche en Immunologie et Immunomodulation (UR2IM), Université de LoméAbstract Background Traditional medicines are the main source of treatment of helminthiasis in endemic areas of Togo. The present study aimed to investigate the plants used by Traditional healers (THs) to treat helminth infections in endemic communities within the Central and Kara regions of Togo and to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of the three most cited plants. Methods An ethnobotanical survey was conducted from 19 to 24 June 2017 among traditional healers in the Central and Kara regions of Togo. The anthelmintic activity of the most cited plants namely Aframomum melegueta K. Schum, Khaya senegalensis A. Juss and Xylopia aethiopica A. Rich, was evaluated using microfilariae (Mf) of Litomosoides sigmodontis. The plants were evaluated for cytotoxicity according to the recommendation of NF EN ISO 10993-5 standard using the propidium iodide (PI) dye by flow cytometry on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Results A total of 197 THs were interviewed and 41 plant species were recorded. Leguminosae (14.6%) and Annonaceae (9.7%) families constitute the highest number of species cited for treatment of helminth infections. Afromomum melegueta was the most cited by the THs for the treatment of onchocerciasis (UV = 0.036) while X. aethiopica was associated with the treatment of schistosomiasis (UV = 0.061) and lymphatic filariasis (UV = 0.061). There was a great agreement among the THs regarding ethnomedicinal uses of plants to treat helminthiasis with ICF values ranging from 0.57 to 0.67. The anthelmintic assay yielded lethal doses values of 233 μg/mL, 265 μg/mL and 550 μg/mL, respectively for X. aethiopica, A. melegueta and K. senegalensis. Afromomum melegueta and X. aethiopica presented no cytotoxicity, less than 20% death, whereas K. senegalensis induced moderate toxicity, 24 ± 8% death. Conclusion This study demonstrated the scientific rationale for the use of plants to treat helminthiasis in the Togolese traditional medicine. However, the use of K. senegalensis requires more caution since the plant is fairly toxic. Trial Registration NAhttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12906-020-03008-0Anthelmintic effectsEthnopharmacologyMedicinal plantsTogo
spellingShingle Essoham Ataba
Gnatoulma Katawa
Manuel Ritter
Adjoa Holali Ameyapoh
Kokou Anani
Oukoe M. Amessoudji
Pélagie Edlom Tchadié
Tchadjabo Tchacondo
Komlan Batawila
Yaovi Ameyapoh
Achim Hoerauf
Laura E. Layland
Simplice D. Karou
Ethnobotanical survey, anthelmintic effects and cytotoxicity of plants used for treatment of helminthiasis in the Central and Kara regions of Togo
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
Anthelmintic effects
Ethnopharmacology
Medicinal plants
Togo
title Ethnobotanical survey, anthelmintic effects and cytotoxicity of plants used for treatment of helminthiasis in the Central and Kara regions of Togo
title_full Ethnobotanical survey, anthelmintic effects and cytotoxicity of plants used for treatment of helminthiasis in the Central and Kara regions of Togo
title_fullStr Ethnobotanical survey, anthelmintic effects and cytotoxicity of plants used for treatment of helminthiasis in the Central and Kara regions of Togo
title_full_unstemmed Ethnobotanical survey, anthelmintic effects and cytotoxicity of plants used for treatment of helminthiasis in the Central and Kara regions of Togo
title_short Ethnobotanical survey, anthelmintic effects and cytotoxicity of plants used for treatment of helminthiasis in the Central and Kara regions of Togo
title_sort ethnobotanical survey anthelmintic effects and cytotoxicity of plants used for treatment of helminthiasis in the central and kara regions of togo
topic Anthelmintic effects
Ethnopharmacology
Medicinal plants
Togo
url http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12906-020-03008-0
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