The Effect of Encapsulated Apigenin Nanoparticles on HePG-2 Cells through Regulation of P53
Apigenin (Ap) is one of the most important natural flavonoids that has potent anticancer activity. This study was designed, for the first time, to load Ap into chitosan to improve its hydrophobicity and then it was coated with albumin-folic acid to increase its stability and bioavailability and to t...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/6/1160 |
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| author | Mayada Mohamed Mabrouk Zayed Heba A. Sahyon Nemany A. N. Hanafy Maged A. El-Kemary |
| author_facet | Mayada Mohamed Mabrouk Zayed Heba A. Sahyon Nemany A. N. Hanafy Maged A. El-Kemary |
| author_sort | Mayada Mohamed Mabrouk Zayed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Apigenin (Ap) is one of the most important natural flavonoids that has potent anticancer activity. This study was designed, for the first time, to load Ap into chitosan to improve its hydrophobicity and then it was coated with albumin-folic acid to increase its stability and bioavailability and to target cancer cells. The newly developed encapsulated Ap (Ap-CH-BSA-FANPs) was characterized and tested in vitro. The zeta potential of −17.0 mV was within the recommended range (−30 mV to +30 mV), indicating that encapsulated apigenin would not quickly settle and would be suspended. The in vitro results proved the great anticancer activity of the encapsulated apigenin on HePG-2 cells compared to pure Ap. The treated HePG-2 cells with Ap-CH-BSA-FANPs demonstrated the induction of apoptosis by increasing p53 gene expression, arresting the cell cycle, increasing caspase-9 levels, and decreasing both the MMP9 gene and <i>Bcl-2</i> protein expression levels. Moreover, the higher antioxidant activity of the encapsulated apigenin treatment was evident through increasing SOD levels and decreasing the CAT concentration. In conclusion, the Ap-CH-BSA-FANPs were easy to produce with low coast, continued drug release, good loading capacity, high solubility in physiological pH, and were more stable than the formerly Ap-loaded liposomes or PLGA. Moreover, Ap-CH-BSA-FANPs may be a promising chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of HCC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:46:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-88f63e6e80d74ba8b3bae5ced82fe0ce |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:46:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-88f63e6e80d74ba8b3bae5ced82fe0ce2023-11-23T18:29:13ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232022-05-01146116010.3390/pharmaceutics14061160The Effect of Encapsulated Apigenin Nanoparticles on HePG-2 Cells through Regulation of P53Mayada Mohamed Mabrouk Zayed0Heba A. Sahyon1Nemany A. N. Hanafy2Maged A. El-Kemary3Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, EgyptChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, EgyptNanomedicine Group, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, EgyptNanomedicine Group, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, EgyptApigenin (Ap) is one of the most important natural flavonoids that has potent anticancer activity. This study was designed, for the first time, to load Ap into chitosan to improve its hydrophobicity and then it was coated with albumin-folic acid to increase its stability and bioavailability and to target cancer cells. The newly developed encapsulated Ap (Ap-CH-BSA-FANPs) was characterized and tested in vitro. The zeta potential of −17.0 mV was within the recommended range (−30 mV to +30 mV), indicating that encapsulated apigenin would not quickly settle and would be suspended. The in vitro results proved the great anticancer activity of the encapsulated apigenin on HePG-2 cells compared to pure Ap. The treated HePG-2 cells with Ap-CH-BSA-FANPs demonstrated the induction of apoptosis by increasing p53 gene expression, arresting the cell cycle, increasing caspase-9 levels, and decreasing both the MMP9 gene and <i>Bcl-2</i> protein expression levels. Moreover, the higher antioxidant activity of the encapsulated apigenin treatment was evident through increasing SOD levels and decreasing the CAT concentration. In conclusion, the Ap-CH-BSA-FANPs were easy to produce with low coast, continued drug release, good loading capacity, high solubility in physiological pH, and were more stable than the formerly Ap-loaded liposomes or PLGA. Moreover, Ap-CH-BSA-FANPs may be a promising chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of HCC.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/6/1160hepatocellular carcinomaapigenincapsaseapoptosis |
| spellingShingle | Mayada Mohamed Mabrouk Zayed Heba A. Sahyon Nemany A. N. Hanafy Maged A. El-Kemary The Effect of Encapsulated Apigenin Nanoparticles on HePG-2 Cells through Regulation of P53 Pharmaceutics hepatocellular carcinoma apigenin capsase apoptosis |
| title | The Effect of Encapsulated Apigenin Nanoparticles on HePG-2 Cells through Regulation of P53 |
| title_full | The Effect of Encapsulated Apigenin Nanoparticles on HePG-2 Cells through Regulation of P53 |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Encapsulated Apigenin Nanoparticles on HePG-2 Cells through Regulation of P53 |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Encapsulated Apigenin Nanoparticles on HePG-2 Cells through Regulation of P53 |
| title_short | The Effect of Encapsulated Apigenin Nanoparticles on HePG-2 Cells through Regulation of P53 |
| title_sort | effect of encapsulated apigenin nanoparticles on hepg 2 cells through regulation of p53 |
| topic | hepatocellular carcinoma apigenin capsase apoptosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/6/1160 |
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