Microwave Heating for Synthesis of Carbonaceous Adsorbents for Removal of Toxic Organic and Inorganic Contaminants
The residues obtained from the extraction of <i>Inonotus obliquus</i> fungus were used to produce carbonaceous adsorbents. The initial material was subjected to pyrolysis in a microwave oven. The adsorbents were characterized through elemental analysis, low-temperature nitrogen adsorptio...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| author | Aleksandra Bazan-Wozniak Katarzyna Machelak Agnieszka Nosal-Wiercińska Robert Pietrzak |
| author_facet | Aleksandra Bazan-Wozniak Katarzyna Machelak Agnieszka Nosal-Wiercińska Robert Pietrzak |
| author_sort | Aleksandra Bazan-Wozniak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The residues obtained from the extraction of <i>Inonotus obliquus</i> fungus were used to produce carbonaceous adsorbents. The initial material was subjected to pyrolysis in a microwave oven. The adsorbents were characterized through elemental analysis, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, and Boehm titration. The carbonaceous adsorbents were tested for the removal of NO<sub>2</sub>, methylene blue, and malachite green. The results indicated that the obtained carbonaceous adsorbents exhibited basic characteristics and possessed specific surface areas of 372 and 502 m<sup>2</sup>/g. The adsorption process of liquid contaminants was modeled using the single-layer Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacities were found to be 101 and 109 mg/g for methylene blue, and 75 and 77 mg/g for malachite green. The kinetic study demonstrated that the adsorption of methylene blue and malachite green was better described by a pseudo-second order model. The study affirmed that the adsorption of organic dyes onto the resultant carbonaceous adsorbents was both spontaneous and endothermic. The study also demonstrated that the presence of an air stream during the NO<sub>2</sub> adsorption process and prehumidization of the adsorbent with humid air had a beneficial effect on the obtained sorption capacities. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that pyrolysis of the extraction residues from the fungus <i>Inonotus obliquus</i> yields highly effective, environmentally friendly, and cost-efficient carbonaceous adsorbents for the removal of both gaseous and liquid pollutants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:39:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-88fb260ba2974ae48828254b48e83273 |
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| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:39:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-88fb260ba2974ae48828254b48e832732023-11-19T14:46:05ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-09-012819682510.3390/molecules28196825Microwave Heating for Synthesis of Carbonaceous Adsorbents for Removal of Toxic Organic and Inorganic ContaminantsAleksandra Bazan-Wozniak0Katarzyna Machelak1Agnieszka Nosal-Wiercińska2Robert Pietrzak3Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, PolandThe residues obtained from the extraction of <i>Inonotus obliquus</i> fungus were used to produce carbonaceous adsorbents. The initial material was subjected to pyrolysis in a microwave oven. The adsorbents were characterized through elemental analysis, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, and Boehm titration. The carbonaceous adsorbents were tested for the removal of NO<sub>2</sub>, methylene blue, and malachite green. The results indicated that the obtained carbonaceous adsorbents exhibited basic characteristics and possessed specific surface areas of 372 and 502 m<sup>2</sup>/g. The adsorption process of liquid contaminants was modeled using the single-layer Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacities were found to be 101 and 109 mg/g for methylene blue, and 75 and 77 mg/g for malachite green. The kinetic study demonstrated that the adsorption of methylene blue and malachite green was better described by a pseudo-second order model. The study affirmed that the adsorption of organic dyes onto the resultant carbonaceous adsorbents was both spontaneous and endothermic. The study also demonstrated that the presence of an air stream during the NO<sub>2</sub> adsorption process and prehumidization of the adsorbent with humid air had a beneficial effect on the obtained sorption capacities. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that pyrolysis of the extraction residues from the fungus <i>Inonotus obliquus</i> yields highly effective, environmentally friendly, and cost-efficient carbonaceous adsorbents for the removal of both gaseous and liquid pollutants.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/19/6825carbonaceous adsorbentspyrolysismicrowave heatingNO<sub>2</sub>methylene blue/malachite greenkinetic and thermodynamic study |
| spellingShingle | Aleksandra Bazan-Wozniak Katarzyna Machelak Agnieszka Nosal-Wiercińska Robert Pietrzak Microwave Heating for Synthesis of Carbonaceous Adsorbents for Removal of Toxic Organic and Inorganic Contaminants Molecules carbonaceous adsorbents pyrolysis microwave heating NO<sub>2</sub> methylene blue/malachite green kinetic and thermodynamic study |
| title | Microwave Heating for Synthesis of Carbonaceous Adsorbents for Removal of Toxic Organic and Inorganic Contaminants |
| title_full | Microwave Heating for Synthesis of Carbonaceous Adsorbents for Removal of Toxic Organic and Inorganic Contaminants |
| title_fullStr | Microwave Heating for Synthesis of Carbonaceous Adsorbents for Removal of Toxic Organic and Inorganic Contaminants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microwave Heating for Synthesis of Carbonaceous Adsorbents for Removal of Toxic Organic and Inorganic Contaminants |
| title_short | Microwave Heating for Synthesis of Carbonaceous Adsorbents for Removal of Toxic Organic and Inorganic Contaminants |
| title_sort | microwave heating for synthesis of carbonaceous adsorbents for removal of toxic organic and inorganic contaminants |
| topic | carbonaceous adsorbents pyrolysis microwave heating NO<sub>2</sub> methylene blue/malachite green kinetic and thermodynamic study |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/19/6825 |
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