Fungal Pathogens Associated with Crown and Root Rot of Wheat in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan is the fourteenth largest wheat producer in the world. Despite this fact, there has not been a comprehensive survey of wheat root and crown rot. A quantitative survey was conducted for the purpose of establishing the distribution of fungi associated with root and crown rot on wheat (<i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/5/417 |
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| author | Tuğba Bozoğlu Sibel Derviş Mustafa Imren Mohammed Amer Fatih Özdemir Timothy C. Paulitz Alexey Morgounov Abdelfattah A. Dababat Göksel Özer |
| author_facet | Tuğba Bozoğlu Sibel Derviş Mustafa Imren Mohammed Amer Fatih Özdemir Timothy C. Paulitz Alexey Morgounov Abdelfattah A. Dababat Göksel Özer |
| author_sort | Tuğba Bozoğlu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Kazakhstan is the fourteenth largest wheat producer in the world. Despite this fact, there has not been a comprehensive survey of wheat root and crown rot. A quantitative survey was conducted for the purpose of establishing the distribution of fungi associated with root and crown rot on wheat (<i>Triticum</i> spp.). During the 2019 growing season, samples were taken from the affected plants’ roots and stem bases. A total of 1221 fungal isolates were acquired from 65 sites across the central (Karagandy region), eastern (East Kazakhstan region), and southeastern (Almaty region) parts of the country and identified using morphological and molecular tools. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) sequences were successfully used to identify the species of fungal isolates. It was found that <i>Bipolaris</i> <i>sorokiniana</i> (44.80%) and <i>Fusarium</i> <i>acuminatum</i> (20.39%) were the most predominant fungal species isolated, which were present in 86.15 and 66.15% of the fields surveyed, respectively, followed by <i>F</i>. <i>equiseti</i> (10.16%), <i>Curvularia</i> <i>spicifera</i> (7.62%), <i>F</i>. <i>culmorum</i> (4.75%), <i>F</i>. <i>oxysporum</i> (4.10%), <i>F</i>. <i>redolens</i> (2.38%), <i>Rhizoctonia</i> <i>solani</i> AG2-1 (1.06%), <i>Nigrospora</i> <i>oryzae</i> (0.98%), <i>C</i>. <i>inaequalis</i> (0.90%), <i>F</i>. <i>pseudograminearum</i> (0.74%), <i>F</i>. <i>flocciferum</i> (0.74%), <i>Macrophomina</i> <i>phaseolina</i> (0.66%), <i>F</i>. cf. <i>incarnatum</i> (0.33%), <i>Fusarium</i> sp. (0.25%), and <i>F</i>. <i>torulosum</i> (0.16%). A total of 74 isolates representing 16 species were tested via inoculation tests on the susceptible <i>Triticum aestivum</i> cv. Seri 82 and the results revealed that <i>F</i>. <i>culmorum</i> and <i>F</i>. <i>pseudograminearum</i>, <i>B</i>. <i>sorokiniana</i>, <i>Fusarium</i> sp., <i>R</i>. <i>solani</i>, <i>F</i>. <i>redolens</i>, <i>C</i>. <i>spicifera</i>, <i>C</i>. <i>inaequalis</i>, and <i>N</i>. <i>oryzae</i> were virulent, whereas others were non-pathogenic. The findings of this investigation demonstrate the presence of a diverse spectrum of pathogenic fungal species relevant to wheat crown and root rot in Kazakhstan. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of <i>F. pseudograminearum</i>, <i>Fusarium</i> sp., <i>C</i>. <i>spicifera</i>, and <i>C</i>. <i>inaequalis</i> as pathogens on wheat in Kazakhstan. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:37:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-88fd4de01be54f3d8f4c56a49d2d7cf3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:37:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-88fd4de01be54f3d8f4c56a49d2d7cf32023-11-23T11:40:45ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2022-04-018541710.3390/jof8050417Fungal Pathogens Associated with Crown and Root Rot of Wheat in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern KazakhstanTuğba Bozoğlu0Sibel Derviş1Mustafa Imren2Mohammed Amer3Fatih Özdemir4Timothy C. Paulitz5Alexey Morgounov6Abdelfattah A. Dababat7Göksel Özer8Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14030, TurkeyDepartment of Plant and Animal Production, Vocational School of Kızıltepe, Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin 47000, TurkeyDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14030, TurkeyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, TaiwanBahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute, Konya 42050, TurkeyWheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USAFood and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), Riyadh 11421, Saudi ArabiaInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), P.O. Box 39, Emek, Ankara 06170, TurkeyDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14030, TurkeyKazakhstan is the fourteenth largest wheat producer in the world. Despite this fact, there has not been a comprehensive survey of wheat root and crown rot. A quantitative survey was conducted for the purpose of establishing the distribution of fungi associated with root and crown rot on wheat (<i>Triticum</i> spp.). During the 2019 growing season, samples were taken from the affected plants’ roots and stem bases. A total of 1221 fungal isolates were acquired from 65 sites across the central (Karagandy region), eastern (East Kazakhstan region), and southeastern (Almaty region) parts of the country and identified using morphological and molecular tools. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) sequences were successfully used to identify the species of fungal isolates. It was found that <i>Bipolaris</i> <i>sorokiniana</i> (44.80%) and <i>Fusarium</i> <i>acuminatum</i> (20.39%) were the most predominant fungal species isolated, which were present in 86.15 and 66.15% of the fields surveyed, respectively, followed by <i>F</i>. <i>equiseti</i> (10.16%), <i>Curvularia</i> <i>spicifera</i> (7.62%), <i>F</i>. <i>culmorum</i> (4.75%), <i>F</i>. <i>oxysporum</i> (4.10%), <i>F</i>. <i>redolens</i> (2.38%), <i>Rhizoctonia</i> <i>solani</i> AG2-1 (1.06%), <i>Nigrospora</i> <i>oryzae</i> (0.98%), <i>C</i>. <i>inaequalis</i> (0.90%), <i>F</i>. <i>pseudograminearum</i> (0.74%), <i>F</i>. <i>flocciferum</i> (0.74%), <i>Macrophomina</i> <i>phaseolina</i> (0.66%), <i>F</i>. cf. <i>incarnatum</i> (0.33%), <i>Fusarium</i> sp. (0.25%), and <i>F</i>. <i>torulosum</i> (0.16%). A total of 74 isolates representing 16 species were tested via inoculation tests on the susceptible <i>Triticum aestivum</i> cv. Seri 82 and the results revealed that <i>F</i>. <i>culmorum</i> and <i>F</i>. <i>pseudograminearum</i>, <i>B</i>. <i>sorokiniana</i>, <i>Fusarium</i> sp., <i>R</i>. <i>solani</i>, <i>F</i>. <i>redolens</i>, <i>C</i>. <i>spicifera</i>, <i>C</i>. <i>inaequalis</i>, and <i>N</i>. <i>oryzae</i> were virulent, whereas others were non-pathogenic. The findings of this investigation demonstrate the presence of a diverse spectrum of pathogenic fungal species relevant to wheat crown and root rot in Kazakhstan. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of <i>F. pseudograminearum</i>, <i>Fusarium</i> sp., <i>C</i>. <i>spicifera</i>, and <i>C</i>. <i>inaequalis</i> as pathogens on wheat in Kazakhstan.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/5/417<i>Triticum</i> spp.wheat diseasesFusarium crown rotcommon root rotsoilborne diseasespathogenicity |
| spellingShingle | Tuğba Bozoğlu Sibel Derviş Mustafa Imren Mohammed Amer Fatih Özdemir Timothy C. Paulitz Alexey Morgounov Abdelfattah A. Dababat Göksel Özer Fungal Pathogens Associated with Crown and Root Rot of Wheat in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Kazakhstan Journal of Fungi <i>Triticum</i> spp. wheat diseases Fusarium crown rot common root rot soilborne diseases pathogenicity |
| title | Fungal Pathogens Associated with Crown and Root Rot of Wheat in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Kazakhstan |
| title_full | Fungal Pathogens Associated with Crown and Root Rot of Wheat in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Kazakhstan |
| title_fullStr | Fungal Pathogens Associated with Crown and Root Rot of Wheat in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Kazakhstan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fungal Pathogens Associated with Crown and Root Rot of Wheat in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Kazakhstan |
| title_short | Fungal Pathogens Associated with Crown and Root Rot of Wheat in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Kazakhstan |
| title_sort | fungal pathogens associated with crown and root rot of wheat in central eastern and southeastern kazakhstan |
| topic | <i>Triticum</i> spp. wheat diseases Fusarium crown rot common root rot soilborne diseases pathogenicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/5/417 |
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