Quality Evaluation Indices for Soybean Oil in Relation to Cultivar, Application of N Fertiliser and Seed Inoculation with <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i>
Soybean ranks second in production and consumption of vegetable oils worldwide and these are expected to continue to increase. The suitability of soybean oil for specific uses is determined by the fatty acid composition from which a number of indices and indicators can be calculated. The aim of this...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/5/762 |
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| author | Ewa Szpunar-Krok Anna Wondołowska-Grabowska |
| author_facet | Ewa Szpunar-Krok Anna Wondołowska-Grabowska |
| author_sort | Ewa Szpunar-Krok |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Soybean ranks second in production and consumption of vegetable oils worldwide and these are expected to continue to increase. The suitability of soybean oil for specific uses is determined by the fatty acid composition from which a number of indices and indicators can be calculated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the indices of nutritional and health-promoting fat in seeds of soybean cultivars grown in 2016–2019 under the influence of varying doses of N and inoculation with <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i>. Omega 3 and Omega 6, unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), saturated fatty acids (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), index of desirable fatty acids (DFA), sum of hypercholesterolemic fatty acids (OFA), index of atherogenicity (AI), index of thrombogenicity (TI), oleic desaturation ratio (ODR), linoleic desaturation ratio (LDR), calculated oxidizability value (COX) and the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (HH), saturation fat index (S/P) and ALA/LA, OL/(LA+ALA) ratios and the consumer index (CI) were included. Fat quality indices for soybean seeds were strongly determined by weather conditions. Seeds of the cv. Aldana contained higher amounts of Omega 6 and featured more favourable MUFA/PUFA and OL/(LA+ALA) ratios, while the seeds of the cv. Annushka had more favourable CI and higher ODR, COX and S/P indices. No important differences were observed regarding the effect of nitrogen dose and seed inoculation on the formation of the DFA, OFA, HH, AI, TI and CI indices. The value of the S/P index suggests that higher nitrogen rates (60 kg∙ha<sup>−1</sup>) and the lack of inoculation treatment produce seeds with a more favourable dietary fatty acid balance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:39:04Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:39:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-88fdd08568714d008b3ed122e485a2cc2023-11-23T23:02:05ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582022-03-0111576210.3390/foods11050762Quality Evaluation Indices for Soybean Oil in Relation to Cultivar, Application of N Fertiliser and Seed Inoculation with <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i>Ewa Szpunar-Krok0Anna Wondołowska-Grabowska1Department of Crop Production, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza St 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, PolandInstitute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 24A, 50-363 Wrocław, PolandSoybean ranks second in production and consumption of vegetable oils worldwide and these are expected to continue to increase. The suitability of soybean oil for specific uses is determined by the fatty acid composition from which a number of indices and indicators can be calculated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the indices of nutritional and health-promoting fat in seeds of soybean cultivars grown in 2016–2019 under the influence of varying doses of N and inoculation with <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i>. Omega 3 and Omega 6, unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), saturated fatty acids (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), index of desirable fatty acids (DFA), sum of hypercholesterolemic fatty acids (OFA), index of atherogenicity (AI), index of thrombogenicity (TI), oleic desaturation ratio (ODR), linoleic desaturation ratio (LDR), calculated oxidizability value (COX) and the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (HH), saturation fat index (S/P) and ALA/LA, OL/(LA+ALA) ratios and the consumer index (CI) were included. Fat quality indices for soybean seeds were strongly determined by weather conditions. Seeds of the cv. Aldana contained higher amounts of Omega 6 and featured more favourable MUFA/PUFA and OL/(LA+ALA) ratios, while the seeds of the cv. Annushka had more favourable CI and higher ODR, COX and S/P indices. No important differences were observed regarding the effect of nitrogen dose and seed inoculation on the formation of the DFA, OFA, HH, AI, TI and CI indices. The value of the S/P index suggests that higher nitrogen rates (60 kg∙ha<sup>−1</sup>) and the lack of inoculation treatment produce seeds with a more favourable dietary fatty acid balance.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/5/762soybeancultivarinoculationnitrogen fertilizationfatty acidsnutritional indices |
| spellingShingle | Ewa Szpunar-Krok Anna Wondołowska-Grabowska Quality Evaluation Indices for Soybean Oil in Relation to Cultivar, Application of N Fertiliser and Seed Inoculation with <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i> Foods soybean cultivar inoculation nitrogen fertilization fatty acids nutritional indices |
| title | Quality Evaluation Indices for Soybean Oil in Relation to Cultivar, Application of N Fertiliser and Seed Inoculation with <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i> |
| title_full | Quality Evaluation Indices for Soybean Oil in Relation to Cultivar, Application of N Fertiliser and Seed Inoculation with <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i> |
| title_fullStr | Quality Evaluation Indices for Soybean Oil in Relation to Cultivar, Application of N Fertiliser and Seed Inoculation with <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quality Evaluation Indices for Soybean Oil in Relation to Cultivar, Application of N Fertiliser and Seed Inoculation with <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i> |
| title_short | Quality Evaluation Indices for Soybean Oil in Relation to Cultivar, Application of N Fertiliser and Seed Inoculation with <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i> |
| title_sort | quality evaluation indices for soybean oil in relation to cultivar application of n fertiliser and seed inoculation with i bradyrhizobium japonicum i |
| topic | soybean cultivar inoculation nitrogen fertilization fatty acids nutritional indices |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/5/762 |
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