Polymers and Nanoparticles for Statin Delivery: Current Use and Future Perspectives in Cardiovascular Disease
Atherosclerosis-related coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading sources of mortality and morbidity in the world. Primary and secondary prevention appear crucial to reduce CAD-related complications. In this scenario, statin treatment was shown to be clinically effective in the reduction o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/5/711 |
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| author | Antonio Nenna Francesco Nappi Domenico Larobina Emanuele Verghi Massimo Chello Luigi Ambrosio |
| author_facet | Antonio Nenna Francesco Nappi Domenico Larobina Emanuele Verghi Massimo Chello Luigi Ambrosio |
| author_sort | Antonio Nenna |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Atherosclerosis-related coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading sources of mortality and morbidity in the world. Primary and secondary prevention appear crucial to reduce CAD-related complications. In this scenario, statin treatment was shown to be clinically effective in the reduction of adverse events, but systemic administration provides suboptimal results. As an attempt to improve bioavailability and effectiveness, polymers and nanoparticles for statin delivery were recently investigated. Polymers and nanoparticles can help statin delivery and their effects by increasing oral bioavailability or enhancing target-specific interaction, leading to reduced vascular endothelial dysfunction, reduced intimal hyperplasia, reduced ischemia-reperfusion injury, increased cardiac regeneration, positive remodeling in the extracellular matrix, reduced neointimal growth and increased re-endothelization. Moreover, some innovative aspects described in other cardiovascular fields could be translated into the CAD scenario. Recent preclinical studies are underlining the effect of statins in the stimulation and differentiation of endogenous cardiac stem cells, as well as in targeting of local adverse conditions implicated in atherosclerosis, and statin delivery through poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) appears the most promising aspect of current research to enhance drug activity. The present review intends to summarize the current evidence about polymers and nanoparticles for statin delivery in the field of cardiovascular disease, trying to shed light on this topic and identify new avenues for future studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:29:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8905fcf0ca964f60915aa7408b184c22 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:29:35Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-8905fcf0ca964f60915aa7408b184c222023-12-11T18:39:35ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-02-0113571110.3390/polym13050711Polymers and Nanoparticles for Statin Delivery: Current Use and Future Perspectives in Cardiovascular DiseaseAntonio Nenna0Francesco Nappi1Domenico Larobina2Emanuele Verghi3Massimo Chello4Luigi Ambrosio5Cardiovascular Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, ItalyCardiac Surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord de Saint-Denis, 93200 Paris, FranceInstitute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, 00128 Rome, ItalyCardiovascular Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, ItalyCardiovascular Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, ItalyInstitute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, 00128 Rome, ItalyAtherosclerosis-related coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading sources of mortality and morbidity in the world. Primary and secondary prevention appear crucial to reduce CAD-related complications. In this scenario, statin treatment was shown to be clinically effective in the reduction of adverse events, but systemic administration provides suboptimal results. As an attempt to improve bioavailability and effectiveness, polymers and nanoparticles for statin delivery were recently investigated. Polymers and nanoparticles can help statin delivery and their effects by increasing oral bioavailability or enhancing target-specific interaction, leading to reduced vascular endothelial dysfunction, reduced intimal hyperplasia, reduced ischemia-reperfusion injury, increased cardiac regeneration, positive remodeling in the extracellular matrix, reduced neointimal growth and increased re-endothelization. Moreover, some innovative aspects described in other cardiovascular fields could be translated into the CAD scenario. Recent preclinical studies are underlining the effect of statins in the stimulation and differentiation of endogenous cardiac stem cells, as well as in targeting of local adverse conditions implicated in atherosclerosis, and statin delivery through poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) appears the most promising aspect of current research to enhance drug activity. The present review intends to summarize the current evidence about polymers and nanoparticles for statin delivery in the field of cardiovascular disease, trying to shed light on this topic and identify new avenues for future studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/5/711statinpolymernanoparticlecoronary artery diseaseinflammationstent |
| spellingShingle | Antonio Nenna Francesco Nappi Domenico Larobina Emanuele Verghi Massimo Chello Luigi Ambrosio Polymers and Nanoparticles for Statin Delivery: Current Use and Future Perspectives in Cardiovascular Disease Polymers statin polymer nanoparticle coronary artery disease inflammation stent |
| title | Polymers and Nanoparticles for Statin Delivery: Current Use and Future Perspectives in Cardiovascular Disease |
| title_full | Polymers and Nanoparticles for Statin Delivery: Current Use and Future Perspectives in Cardiovascular Disease |
| title_fullStr | Polymers and Nanoparticles for Statin Delivery: Current Use and Future Perspectives in Cardiovascular Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polymers and Nanoparticles for Statin Delivery: Current Use and Future Perspectives in Cardiovascular Disease |
| title_short | Polymers and Nanoparticles for Statin Delivery: Current Use and Future Perspectives in Cardiovascular Disease |
| title_sort | polymers and nanoparticles for statin delivery current use and future perspectives in cardiovascular disease |
| topic | statin polymer nanoparticle coronary artery disease inflammation stent |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/5/711 |
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