Amended FRW universe: thermodynamics and heat engine
Abstract Thermodynamics of non-flat Amended Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (AFRW) universe with cosmological constant as thermodynamic pressure is studied. The unified first law of thermodynamics, the Clausius relation and the gravity equations yield entropy on the dynamic apparent horizon. Temperature,...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2024-02-01
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| Series: | European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12484-4 |
| _version_ | 1797209145785450496 |
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| author | Jhumpa Bhadra Ujjal Debnath Anirudh Pradhan |
| author_facet | Jhumpa Bhadra Ujjal Debnath Anirudh Pradhan |
| author_sort | Jhumpa Bhadra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Thermodynamics of non-flat Amended Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (AFRW) universe with cosmological constant as thermodynamic pressure is studied. The unified first law of thermodynamics, the Clausius relation and the gravity equations yield entropy on the dynamic apparent horizon. Temperature, volume, pressure, enthalpy, Gibb’s free energy and Helmholtz’s free energies, and specific heat capacity with constant pressure of the universe are calculated in terms of surface area of dynamic apparent horizon. The study shows a non-negative Joule–Thomson coefficient, indicating the cooling nature of the AFRW universe. Inversion pressure and inversion temperature are expressed in terms of the surface area of the apparent horizon. Finally, the thermodynamical AFRW universe is considered as a heat engine. Work done for the Carnot engine is derived with maximum efficiency, and a new engine is also considered for which the work done, and its efficiency are calculated for AFRW universe. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:44:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-891831b7526e4efdac991a31bb95f5db |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1434-6052 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T09:50:03Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields |
| spelling | doaj.art-891831b7526e4efdac991a31bb95f5db2024-04-14T11:26:35ZengSpringerOpenEuropean Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields1434-60522024-02-018421910.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12484-4Amended FRW universe: thermodynamics and heat engineJhumpa Bhadra0Ujjal Debnath1Anirudh Pradhan2Department of Mathematics, Heritage Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Engineering, Science and TechnologyCentre for Cosmology, Astrophysics and Space Science, GLA UniversityAbstract Thermodynamics of non-flat Amended Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (AFRW) universe with cosmological constant as thermodynamic pressure is studied. The unified first law of thermodynamics, the Clausius relation and the gravity equations yield entropy on the dynamic apparent horizon. Temperature, volume, pressure, enthalpy, Gibb’s free energy and Helmholtz’s free energies, and specific heat capacity with constant pressure of the universe are calculated in terms of surface area of dynamic apparent horizon. The study shows a non-negative Joule–Thomson coefficient, indicating the cooling nature of the AFRW universe. Inversion pressure and inversion temperature are expressed in terms of the surface area of the apparent horizon. Finally, the thermodynamical AFRW universe is considered as a heat engine. Work done for the Carnot engine is derived with maximum efficiency, and a new engine is also considered for which the work done, and its efficiency are calculated for AFRW universe.https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12484-4 |
| spellingShingle | Jhumpa Bhadra Ujjal Debnath Anirudh Pradhan Amended FRW universe: thermodynamics and heat engine European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields |
| title | Amended FRW universe: thermodynamics and heat engine |
| title_full | Amended FRW universe: thermodynamics and heat engine |
| title_fullStr | Amended FRW universe: thermodynamics and heat engine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Amended FRW universe: thermodynamics and heat engine |
| title_short | Amended FRW universe: thermodynamics and heat engine |
| title_sort | amended frw universe thermodynamics and heat engine |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12484-4 |
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